ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 217 



the rule, which, however, may be subject to certain exceptions due to 

 anomalous development. After referring to the observations of Hansen 

 on S. Ludicigii and of Barker on a conjugating yeast,* the author re- 

 marks on the importance and interest of the phenomena, urging that, 

 even if confined to a small group of yeasts, they are none the less in- 

 structive and convincing as to the value of the ascus, which must he 

 regarded as a higher form of these fungi which appear to be definitely 

 letained among the Ascomycetes. A monograph dealing with the whole 

 subject is promised later. 



TJredinese. — Dr. P. Magnus t describes a species growing on Aspidium 

 spinulosum, from Saxon Switzerland. The uredo stage of the fungus 

 was that of Uredo Scolopendri, but the subsequent discovery of the inter- 

 cellular teleutospores caused him to place it unhesitatingly in the genus 

 Melampsorella with the specific name Kriegeriana. A closer examina- 

 tion of the two species of this genus also growing on ferns M. Aspidiotus 

 and M. polypodia showed him that their uredospores had not the cha- 

 racteristic germinating pores of Melampsorella ; he therefore created a 

 new genus Eyalospora for the inclusion of these two forms, H. Aspidiotus 

 f ' mnd on Phegopteris Dryopteris and H. Polypodii on Cystopteris fragilis. 

 He discusses the relationships between the different closely allied genera, 

 find places Melampsorella and Eyalospora very near to Uredinopsis, the 

 species of which grow only on ferns. 



On a dried specimen of Derris uliginosa, H. and P. Sydow J find a 

 parasitic fungus belonging to the Uredinere, which they make the type 

 of a new genus Hapalophragmium. 



J. C. Arthur,§ Purdue University, gives us an account of his method 

 of collecting Eusts, so as to gain in the field a knowledge of related 

 forms. He keeps a careful record of plants and localities where the 

 rusts are to be found, and visits the places marked at stated intervals, 

 so as to catch the successive stages of the fungus. Cultures are made 

 to verify the field observations, and these have a much better prospect 

 of success when all possible clues to identi6cation have been followed. 

 A rust on a species of Carex was thus traced to an Mci&iwm on Sambucus 

 after two seasons' work. One of the best methods is to watch for the 

 earliest appearance of Mcidia and then to examine the ground in the 

 near neighbourhood for any rusted grasses or sedges that may have 

 caused the infection. 



Binucleate Cells in certain Hymenomycetes. || — Prof. Harper of 

 Madison describes another of his interesting studies on the development 

 of the higher Fungi. The problem he set himself to work out was 

 the equivalence, if any existed, of the nuclear fusions in the ascus and 

 basidium. His investigations were made on Hypochnus subtilis, one of 

 the less highly organised Hymenomycetes. The vegetative part of the 

 plants, which permeated the tissue of rotten wood, consisted of hypha? 

 of which the cells are all binucleate. These hyphse on reaching the 

 surface of the wood branch freely in a shrubby or tree-like manner, 



* See this Journal, 1901, p. 565. 



+ Ber. Deutsoh. Bot. Ges., xix. (1901) pp. 578-84. 



X Htdwigia, xl. (1901) Beibl., pp. 62-5 (1 fig.). 



§ Bot. Gaz., xxxiii. (1902) pp. 62-6. || Tom. cit., pp. 1-25. 



