ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 339 



Stereum and makes a new species, St. quercinum, for the fungus causing 

 the canker. 



Spore-Distribution in a Lichen.*— M. Miyoshi describes the method 

 of spore-distribution in a tree-inhabiting lichen, discovered and named 

 by himself Sagedia macrcspora. The fruits are small, lonnd, closed 

 perithecia, which, as they ripen, become detached from the parent plant, 

 and are carried away by some mechanical agent, such as wind. Next 

 comes the action of water, which causes the perithecium to swell, the 

 walls are burst open, the paraphyses are spread out, and the spores are 

 ejected from the asci. 



In the same journal T. Inui f has published an account of the 

 manufacture of " Awamori, 1 ' a kind of whisky, and a description of the 

 fungi that induce the fermentation. Only one 6pecies, he finds, is 

 necessary or desirable in the first part of the process, a form of Asper- 

 gillus with dark spores, that he has Darned A. luchuensis. It can be 

 replaced by A. perniciosus, also a new species, of a lighter colour than 

 the other, which is not nearly so effective. A form of Monilia also 

 occurs. The yeast-fungus of the fermentation he has described as 

 Saccharomyce8 Awamori, and the peculiar aroma of the spirit is due to 

 another species of yeast. S. anomalus. Awamori has been manufactured 

 in the Island of Luchu for about 500 years. 



British Mycology. J — The concluding part of vol. i. of the Transac- 

 tions of the British Mycological Society contains an account of the 

 annual fungus foray, held at Exeter, and resulting in a list of over 

 4C0 specimens, two of which were new to Britain — Femsjonia luteo- 

 alba and Eelminthosporium obclavmtum. Marshall Ward describes the 

 best means of preserving and examining fungi. Various hardening and 

 fixing fluids are recommended, and section-cutting and staining methods 

 are carefully explained. He advises the student how to obtain pure 

 cultures of fuugi, and also how to grow the host-plant free from infection 

 of any but the desired parasite. 



C. B, Plowright contributes a note on Ozonium auricomum, which he 

 found associated with Coprinus domesticus, and of which he considers 

 it to be the vegetative form. 



B. T. P. Barker publishes a paper on ' Spore-formation in Sac- 

 charomyceies? He conducted a series of experiments to test (1) the 

 effect of external conditions on the spores ; (2) the conditions of the 

 cells themselves, i.e. internal conditions. He finds that good aeration 

 is necessary for spore-formation, and that the cells must be in a vigorous 

 state of growth. 



A list of the fungi added to the British flora during the year is 

 given ; many of the species are new to science. Three new genera of 

 microscopic fungi are recorded. 



The Gasteromycetes.§ — C. G. Lloyd has issued a short introduction 

 to the genera of this group. He gives an account of their minute struc- 



* Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, xv. pt. iii. (1901) pp. 3G9-70 (1 pi.). 

 t Tom. cit, pp. 405-76 (1 pi.). 



X Trans. Brit. Myc i^oc, 1900-1901, pp. 159-217 (1 pi.)- 



§ The Genera ot Gasteromycetes, by C G.Lloyd, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A., 1902, 

 24 pp. and 49 figs. 



