ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 465 



Elsie M. Kupfer has made a careful anatomical study of three species 

 of the genus, U. craterium Fr., U. terrestris Sacc, and U. Geaster Peck. 

 The first which was the original type of the genus had been transferred 

 by Kehm to the genus Geopijxis. Miss Kupfer proves that it is quite 

 distinct troin Geopyxis and should probably be placed in the Cenaugiacea?. 

 The structure of the excipulum is prosenchymatous. U. terrestris Sacc. 

 has a parenchymatous excipulum which differentiates it entirely from 

 Umula. Following Schroter the writer calls it Podophacidium xantho- 

 melan. The remaining species has been made the type of a new genus 

 Choriuactis. It is a large leathery fungus narrowed to a stem about 

 3 cm. long ; both disc and stem are covered with a dense tomentum of 

 soft brown hairs. The parenchymatous nature of the tissue places it 

 among the Pezizacese near Plectania and Sarcoscypha. The author 

 retains the specific name Geaster given by Peck. 



Notes on the Erysiphacese.* — E. S. Salmon has followed up his 

 monograph of the Erysiphaceaa by a series of important notes. He 

 reviews the additions to the genera made by P. Hennings in his Fungi 

 Javanici and also the new species described by Neger from the Argen- 

 tine Eepublic, all of which he considers may be referred, for morpho- 

 logical reasons, to previously known plants. He further discusses 

 Neger's recent articles on Erysiphaceae and criticises adversely some of 

 his conclusions. 



In a further contribution,! he adds fuller details of habit and occur- 

 rence to many of the species already described in the monograph, and 

 gives important economic information as to the ravages of the disease 

 caused by the parasites. He gives counsel as to the best methods of 

 spraying, &c. He adds a special note on the American gooseberry 

 mildew Spheerotheca mors-uvse, recently introduced into Ireland, and 

 which reappeared a second year in the same garden still more exten- 

 sively. He warns fruit-growers against allowing the fungus to spread. 



In a continued series of notes J on several species, Erysipihe Polygoni, 

 E. Cichoracearum, E. Galeopsidis, &c, Mr. Salmon gives many new hosts 

 and localities for the fungi in addition to those already published by 

 him. He again discusses several new species and refers them to exist- 

 ing types. Under E. graminis he describes the conidial form Oidium 

 monilioides Link., and its synonyms Torula bulbigera Bon. and T. rubella 

 Bon A lengthy account of the penicillate cells of the perithecium is 

 given under Phyllactinia corylea. These cells, which are outgrowths 

 from the cells at the apex of the perithecium, become mucilaginous. 

 When the perithecium is ripe it becomes detached from the leaf and is 

 conveyed by the wind to some new habitat. The mucilage of the 

 penicillate cells causes it to adhere firmly to the new substratum in a 

 reversed position. Many hosts have been thus erroneously recorded 

 for this fungus, and they are oiten found fastened firmly to the upper 

 surface of leaves, though originally they always grow on the under 

 surface. 



The same author § considers that the name Erysiphe album Fries, 

 must be allowed to drop. There are no specimens of the fungus and 



* Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, xxix. (1902) pp. 1-22. t Tom. cit., pp. 81-109. 



X Tom. cit., pp. 181-210 (3 pis.). $ Tom. cit., pp. 302-16. 



