ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 553 



Sets on the Legs of Flies.* — W. Wesche gives illustrations of 

 the various uses of setae on the legs of Diptera : — (1) as brushes to 

 clean the antennae, &u. (fore tu-si of Hfusca domestica) ; (2) as adhesive 

 pads for holding the female (tarsi and tibiee of Plafychirus) ; (3) as 

 floats, e.g. in Dolichopus, where the tomentum or down on the tarsi is 

 so fine that it holds tiie air and enables the insect to glide on the sur- 

 face-film of water ; and (4) as arrangements for grasping prey, as in 

 Tachydromia arrogans. His general thesis is one which is being por- 

 sistently corroborated, that even minute details of structure, such as the 

 disposition of setae, have adaptive significance. This becomjs more 

 and more evident as our knowledge of habits becomes more intimite. 



Hermaphroditism in Species of Chermes.f — N. Cholodkovsky finds 

 that in Ch. sfrobilobius at least there is a frequent occurrence of females 

 with two oviducts which are all hermaphrodites. 



Scale-Insects of Japan.| — S. I. Kuwana has collected no fewer 

 than 76 species of Japanese scale-insects, twenty of which are de- 

 scribed as new. The total list for Japan is now 116 species. 



B. Myriopoda. 



Anterior or Cephalic Glands of Diplopoda.§ — F. Silvestri has 

 discovered in Pachyiulus communis anterior or cephalic glands certainly 

 homologous with the buccal, mandibular, and maxillary glandsj of 

 Chilopoda. 



Locomotion of Myriopods.|| — G. Eossi discusses three problems, — 

 (1) the order in which the appendages move in progression, (2) the 

 rapidity of movement, and (3) the movement on a vertical surface. 

 Both in order of movement and in rate, the appendages of Diplopoda 

 work rather differently from those of Chilopoda, but we must refer to 

 the paper for a statement of the differences. Progression on a vertical 

 surface is possible only when there are slight roughnesses which can 

 be gripped by the setae and claws. 



Alimentary Tract of Julus communis.^ — G. Rossi has descriptive 

 notes on the buccal dilatation, the relatively delicate ectodermic oeso- 

 phagus, the anterior glands, the peri-oesophageal " adipose tissue " so- 

 called, the peri-intestinal reticular tissue, and the four Malpighian 

 tubules. 



8. Arachnida. 



Peculiar Phytoptid Galls.** — C. Eechinger describes the work of 

 a species of Phytoptus parasitic on Artemisia campestris which gives its 

 host a most deceptive resemblance to Filago arvensis. This, he thinks, 

 may have some adaptive significance, perhaps protecting the Phytoptid 

 galls. 



* Joura Quekett Micr. Club, 1902, pp. 24.5-50 (2 pis.). 



t Zool. Anzeig., xxv. (1902; pp. 521-2 (3 figs.). 



\ Proc. California Ac. Sci., iii. pp. 43-98 (7 pis.). 



§ Lab. Zool. Scuola Sup. Agric. Portici, June 19)2, 2 pp. 



|| Ex Att Soc. Ligustica, xii (1901) 17 pp. 



\ Ex Bull. Soc. Entomol. Ital., xxxiv. (1902) 7 pp. (1 pi.). 



** Verb. Zool.-bot. Oes. Wien, lii. (1902) pp. 152-3. 



