ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 559 



Atlantic and into the Pacific Ocean ; that the New England form is 

 identical with the long-known European species (C. carcinophila) ; that 

 all the species recorded are closely related, and the several European 

 forms are perhaps the same species ; that the worms are true parasites, 

 spending practically their whole existence on the crab— in the gills 

 when young, on the egg-masses when mature ; that in ditferent regions 

 the same species may occur on different crab hosts ; that they crawl 

 about on the bodies of the crabs, and are thus easily transferred from 

 host to host ; and that by means of the free-swimming embryos the 

 species may be distributed widely, although the young usually remain 

 among the egg-masses until they are past the free-swimming stage. 



Incertae Sedis. 



Habits of Lingula.* — Naohide Yatsu supplies some interesting in- 

 formation in regard to the habits of this Brachiopod. It occurs in 

 every suitable mud-flat along the coast of southern Japan, never in deep 

 water. It is sometimes abundant enough to be sold by the peck for 

 food. It lives fixed to the hard sandy mud, not to rock or stone ; it 

 retires deep into its burrow at low tide, so that no trace can be seen 

 from the surface. 



In making the burrow the water is at first forcibly gushed out of the 

 central funnel formed by the mantle-edge and the setse. By the above 

 action, coupled with the sliding lateral motion of the shell, the burrow 

 is soon formed, and its walls are made smooth by the secretion of the 

 gland-ridge ( >£ Drusenwall "), and by the up-and-down gliding of the 

 valves. The contractility and regenerative power of the stalk is re- 

 markable. Only the comb-like row of cirri of the largest whorl of the 

 arm can be protruded out of the shell, and the tip of the arm-apparatus 

 is always kept within the mantle-cavity. 



It seems probable that at Misaki Lingula lives for five years or more 

 on an average. They have extraordinarily great powers of surviving 

 disadvantageous conditions, as is illustrated circumstantially in the 

 paper. 



The author refers to the fact that Morse took living specimens to 

 America, and had the satisfaction of placing them upon a ledge of 

 Cambrian limestone among the primeval, but hardly different, shells of 

 their ancestors. " Lingula had already acquired, as long ago as the 

 Cambrian period, an organisation most favourable for facing all the 

 ambient conditions, physical as well as chemical, that have taken place 

 gince that time, and there seems to have been no necessity for improving 

 their adaptations to the enviroment." 



New Enteropneust. f — Hisato Kuwano describes Balanoglossus 

 misalciensis sp. n., a new Japanese Enteropneust, found in the vicinity of 

 Misaki. 



It is distinguished by the following features: — (1) definite arrange- 

 ment of the longitudinal stems of the dermal capillaries in the anterior 

 portion of the proboscis wall ; (2) occurrence of an alveolar structure 

 in the connective tissue of the proboscis ccelom ; (3) occurrence of 



* Annot. Zool. Japon., iv. (1902) pp. 6W7 (2 figs.). 

 t Tom. cit, pp. 77-84 (6 tigs.). 



2 p 2 



