ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY", ETC. 657 



inilion) by day and unusually phosphorescent at night. The redness 

 occurred for at least two hundred miles along the coast, from Santa 

 Barbara to San Diego, and extended several miles to sea. It lasted 

 from July to September. Wherever it was seen the fishermen reported 

 a scarcity of food fishes ; the small harbour fishes seemed unaffected, the 

 tiny invertebrates of the plankton were abundant in it, but the geueral 

 effect was most disastrous. The beach was strewn with dead fishes, 

 crustaceans, holothuriaus, ifcc. It seems that Gonyaulax produces these 

 harmful effects by dying in enormous numbers, the putrefactive changes 

 thus occasioned pollutiug the water and giving rise to a horrible stench. 

 It died most rapidly along the water's edge, thus affecting the littoral 

 animals especially. The cause of the extremely rapid reproduction 

 remains obscure. 



Infusoria in Cuckoo-Spit.*— O. Zacharias finds that the cuckoo-spit 

 formed by the larvaa of the Cicad Aphrophora spumaria is often (espe- 

 cially in June and July) tenanted by large numbers of the ciliate In- 

 fusorian Chilodon cucullulus Ehrb. — probably carried there by the wind. 

 A minute form of Monadina was also present. 



Coccidium of Frog's Kidneys.f — A. Laveran and F. Mesnil have 

 worked out the life-history of Isopora lieberkuhnii, a parasite character- 

 istic of the kidneys of Bana esculenta. 



The frog ingests the sporocyst stages ; the sporozoites become free 

 in the alimentary canal, and pass quickly into the vascular system. 

 Thence they pass into the kidneys, where the capillary system is so well 

 developed. 



In the kidneys the parasites accumulate in the glomeruli, rupture 

 the delicate boundary which separates capillaries from canaliculi, and 

 become free in the canaliculi. The infection of the renal epithelium is 

 doubtless due to young merozoites, and it seems probable that this 

 intta-epithelial parasitism is not an essential feature in the life-history. 



Hfemosporidia of Alpine Birds. $ — B. (ialli-Valerio has shown 

 that Alpine birds are in no way exempt from the parasitism of Haemo- 

 sporidia. He examined 101 specimens (36 species, 29 genera, mostly 

 1 asseres), and found 29 cases (18 species, 16 genera) of infection with 

 Hsemosporidia. But the particular parasites are not identified. 



Myxosporidia of Coregonus.§— O. Fuhrmann describes in particular 

 Henneguya zschokkei Gurley (= H. kolesnihovi Gurley and Myxobolus 

 bicaudatus Zschokke) which is the cause of frequent disease in species 

 of Coregonus. 



* Biol. Centralbl., xxii. (1902) p. 608. 



t Comptes Eendus, cxxxv. (1902) pp. 82-7 (11 figs.). 



X Centralbl. Bakt., xxxi. (1902) pp. 162-5. 



§ O.R. Soc. Neuchatel, in Arch. Phys. Nat., xiv. (1902) pp. 172-3. 



-t-^ 



December 17 th, 1902 



