ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 697 



days before the B. ramificans was added to the medium : the final 

 result, however, was unaltered, as 52 days later the B. typhosus was 

 extinct. 



Martin further cultivated the B. ramificans alone and in association 

 with the B. typhosus in flasks of dilute peptone broth for about 10 weeks : 

 the cultivations were then filtered through porcelain filters and each 

 sterile filtrate inoculated with the B. typhosus. Three days later, how- 

 ever, the B. typhosus was extinct. The filtrates from cultivations pre- 

 pared by inoculating fluid media with ordinary soil were likewise 

 inoculated with the B. typhosus with identical results. 



Manual of Determinative Bacteriology.* — Determinative Bacterio- 

 logy is the title chosen by F. D. Chester to designate a collection of short 

 descriptions, obtained from the original sources, of over seven hundred 

 recorded species of bacteria. The work is intended to serve as a labo- 

 ratory manual to aid in the identification of unfamiliar organisms, 

 and in the preface it is stated that " with the use of the present manual 

 it is believed that the teacher can place a given culture in the hands of 

 his pupil and expect him to determine it." 



In the first 42 pages of the book the author briefly summarises 

 what is known of the cell-structure of bacteria, and elaborates a scheme 

 of terminology to be employed in describing the naked-eye characters 

 of artificial cultivations, which if universally adopted would not only 

 simplify and condense but would also lead to a much-to-be-desired 

 accuracy and uniformity in such descriptions. 



He also discusses the important subject of nutrient media, their pre- 

 paration, composition, and, more important still, their reaction, a few 

 standard methods of staining, and some points in the observation of 

 the chemical functions of bacteria. Two pages are devoted to an out- 

 line scheme for the complete study of any given organism, adapted 

 from the report of the Laboratory Committee of the American Public 

 Health Association, the author urging upon the student the necessity 

 for the careful, systematic, and complete study of species. 



Chapter III. is devoted to the classification of bacteria, and in- 

 sensibly glides into the main portion of the book, — the descriptions of 

 species. Of the compilation of descriptions, scanty thougli they of 

 necessity are, having regard to the paucity of detail in many of the 

 original descriptions, we must express unqualified admiration, whilst 

 the full synonymy and the excellent index render the work a handy 

 reference book for the laboratory bookshelf. 



Bibliography. 



Eknst, P. — TTeber den Ban der Bakterien. 



Centralbl. Bakt., 2" Abt, VIII. (1902) pp. 1-7, 34-6, 65-73, 97-107. 

 Jensen, O. — Studien iiber das Kanzigwerden der Butter. 



Centralbl. Bald., 2" Abt., VIII. (1902) pp. 11-6, 42-6, 74-80, 107-14, 

 140-4, 171-4, 211-6, 278-81, 309-12, 342-6, 367-9, 406-9. 



Will, H. — Die Farbe des Bieres und die Hefe. 



Centralbl. Bakt., 2" Abt., VIII. (1902) pp. 7-11, 36-42. 



* F. D. Chester; Macmillan and Co, London and New York, 1901, 8vo, 401 pp. 



aud 13 lig8 



