PORIFERA. 1. 



some importance to the presence of the outermost little, marked off point in the oxea; such a form of 

 the point, however, is frequent in many species of sponges. I have been able to examine the original 

 specimens of Levin sen, and have found them to be quite consistent with my specimens. The spe- 

 cimens both of Vosmaer and Levinsen are presumably yotinger forms, and therefore unbranched 

 or twobranched, while during growth the species becomes more richh- branched. 



GemnmUr. The two specimens in hand have both been attached to the shell of a large 

 Modiola modiolus together with a Homccodictya and a Myxilla\ the\- have both been broken off, 

 but the shell has been kept. The stalk spreads at the base into a little incrusting part with a 

 skeleton of irregular!}- arranged, very sponginous, polyspicular fibres, and between these a mostly 

 unispicular network. This part was closely filled with the bodies described by Bowerbank under 

 the head of Diplode7ma vcsckiila as ovaries (Mon. Brit. Spong. 11, 357, III, PI LXX, fig. 12); but 

 when Diplodemia vescicitla b\- O. Schmidt (Grundziige einer Spongienfauna d. atlant Gebiet. 1870) 

 had been declared to be a fragment of a ChaHnine, Topsent in 1888 (Compt. rend. CVI, 1299) referred 

 it to Chaliiia ociiiafa, and described the structures, by Bowerbank called ovaries, as gemmulae. The 

 gemmulae of the present species are, witli regard to their whole structure and the place where they 

 are found, quite consistent with the description gi\en of those in Chalina oculata. They are found in 

 the very lowermost part of the stalk adjoining the underlayer, and in the basal spreading of the stalk 

 to a number of about a hundred in one specimen and a little fewer in the other. They are closely 

 crowded together, the form is oval, the length is on an average i-37">'" and the breadth 0-83""". The colour 

 (in spirit) is }-ellow. They are situated in the skeleton of the basal spreading closely connected with 

 the fibres. Thev consist of a capsule of quite the same appearance as the spongin and furnished with 

 rather close-set spicules, running parallel to the surface and of the same kind as the other spicules 

 of the sponges, and also here as in Ch. ocit/ata fibres seem to run through the capsule. I have not 

 been able to find anv foramen. The contents of these gemmulse appear under the microscope, but 

 without an\- more close examination, as a whitish, strongh' granulous substance. The specimens are 

 taken towards the end of May. 



Besides in Chalina octtlata Topsent 1. c. mentions similar structures in Ch. gracilenta Bow.; in 

 this incrusting species they are also found towards the substratum, but tlie\- are here smaller, 0-25'"'". 

 Thus we know at present three Chalinina, in which these structures are found. That they are reall)- 

 gemmulse cannot of course be decided with certainty, until their development has been examined. 

 Their being found, at all events in Ch. ocnlata and in the present species, quite down at the base of 

 the hard, compact and apparenth' dead stalk would, if the)' are gemmulse, seem somewhat particular. 



Locality: Vestmanhavnsfjord in the Faroe Islands, depth ca. 70 fathoms, two specimens (Th. Mor- 

 tensen). 



Geogr. distrib.: The species is before known from the Barents vSea (the localit>- with a query) 

 (Vosmaer) and from the Kara Sea, deptli 6 fathoms (Levinsen). 



Remarks. The Pachycha/ii/a oblonga Arm. Han.s. enumerated b\ \'anh6ffen (Gronland-Expe- 

 dition der Gesellsch. fiir Erdkunde zu Berlin, II, i, 1897, 248) from Karajak-Fjord in North Greenland, 

 is a Reniera (see pag. 51). 



The Ingolf-Expedition. VI. i. 2 



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