PORIFERA. I. 13 



3. Ch. groenlandica Frstdt. 

 1887. Chalina groenlandica Fristedt, \'ega Exp. vetensk. lakttagelser, IV, 417, PI. 23, fig. 19. 



This species I have not seen. It must be closely allied to the preceding one, is leaf-shaped, 

 and has presumably been of a similar form, but among other particulars it differs from it by having 

 the spicules more curved and more abruptly pointed. Fristedt gives the length of the spicules to 

 be o-a""". The species is onl\ known in a couple of fragments. 



Locality. The eastern coast of Greenland, depth 140 fathoms (Fristedt 1. c). 



Siphonochalina O. Schmidt. 



T?tbiclar, often sonieivhat branched forms, the surface of the tubes smooth, both inside and out; 

 each tube zuith a round opening at the summit. The fibres various^ unispicular or polyspicular, and 

 ipith little or much spongin. 



I. S. pulcherrima Frstdt. 

 PI. I, Figs. 3— 4, PI. VIII, Figs. 10— II. 

 1885. Chalina pulcherrima Fristedt, Bidrag till kannedom. om de vid S\eriges vestra Kust lefvande 

 Spongije. Kgl. Sv. \'etensk.-Akad. Handl. 21, Nr. 6, 49, Tab. IV, fig. 3 a, 3 b. 



Tubular., most frequently several tubes issuing from a common base or stalk, sometimes anasto- 

 mosing., the single tubes ivith slight, irregular, annular swellings. The fibres form a regular netzuork 

 of longitudinal fibres (running towards the surface) and transverse fibres ; the meshes quadratic. The 

 fibres generally unispicular. Only very little spongin. Particular polyspicular fibres running longi- 

 tudinally, are found, especially in the inner part of the skeleton. The surface is finely shaggy from 

 projecting spicules. Each tube ends zuith a large osculum. Spicula oxea o-jj — o-2p""". 



The specimen in hand of this species agrees in its habitus very veil with the figure of Fri- 

 stedt 1. c. It is formed of a short stalk from which issue several tubes, altogether there have been four 

 of them, but cue has been torn off. The tubes are coalesced in a part of their length, two of them 

 have a side branch, but this is for some part of the length coalesced with the principal tube. All the 

 tubes end at the summit with an osculum the edge of which is rather sharp, the tubes being conically 

 tapering at the summit. The tubes show some slight irregular, annular swellings. The total height 

 of the sponge is las*"", the tubes have an average diameter of ca. 20""", the thickness of the wall is 

 5 — 6""", somewhat thicker where the swellings are found. The colour (in spirit) is grayish yellow. 

 The consistency is of a middle firmness, the sponge is rather soft for pressure, but elastic. The surface 

 is finely shaggy from projecting spicules. The dermal membratie is a thin transparent membrane 

 resting on the skeleton below. Each tube ends, as has been mentioned, in an osculum the edge of 

 which is sharp, as the wall, on account of the conical tapering, becomes thinner at the summit. The 

 cscula have a diameter of 5 — 8""" according to the size of the tube; they are smallest in the two 

 younger branches. The oscula lead into an oscular canal of the same width, which, narrowing only 

 a little, continues quite down to the stalk; the oscular canals of the branches open into those of the 

 principal tubes. Into this canal the excurrent canals open with round apertures of a diameter of 



