44 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



Life-history of Cydemon (Urania) leilus. * — L. Gruppy, jun., has 

 studied the life-history of this moth in Trinidad. The spherical eggs 

 with longitudinal ribs are laid on the undersides of leaves, usually 

 singly or in pairs; the larvae, with sixteen legs, are particularly active 

 and spring madly about when touched ; after the first moult eight long 

 black hairs appear on the body, and these increase in number with 

 successive moults ; the yellowish-brown glossy pupa lies inside a roomy 

 cocoon of yellowish-red silk ; the transformations occupy nearly six 

 weeks, of which two are in the pupa stage. The larvae usually feed 

 from the underside of a leaf ; when alarmed they drop immediately by 

 a silken thread and remain suspended until the alarm is over ; in 

 locomotion they often lower themselves in a similar way. The haunts 

 of the moth are probably in the forests of Venezuela, whence it 

 migrates annually to Trinidad. 



Human Myiasis due to (Estrus Ovis.f — Edmond and Etienne 

 Sergent give au account of a human myiasis very common in some 

 mountainous parts of Algeria, where there are fewer sheep than men. 

 The disease is called " Thim'ni," and it is due to the larva? of the sheep 

 bot-fly which live in the facial cavities, producing painful and serious 

 inflammation. 



Migrations of Hypoderma Bovis Larva in Ox. J — H. Jost gives a 

 remarkable account of the wanderings of the larva of this fly in the 

 tissues of the ox in the course of its development. The eggs, laid upon 

 the skin, are licked off and enter the alimentary canal. About the 

 junction of the gullet and stomach the young larva? are hatched. 

 They penetrate into the submucosa of the gullet, wandering here 

 in abundance during several months (July to November). They 

 then migrate by way of the diaphragm, kidneys, intermuscular 

 connective tissue of the lumbar muscles, vessels, and nerve strands 

 to the vertebrae, passing into the vertebral canal, where they stay 

 usually between December and May. Subsequently the larva? wander 

 through between the vertebra? and pass by way of the intermuscular 

 connective-tissue of the back muscles to the subcutis, which is to be 

 regarded as the last chief place of their assembling. They occur here 

 from January up till July. The "bots" are pathological new formations 

 of connective tissue, and the lining of the exit channel arises by a 

 proliferation of the epidermis cells. 



Viviparity in Ephemerida?.§ — Carl Bernhard has investigated this 

 subject, with particular reference to Chloeon dipterum. Amongst other 

 results he has arrived at are the following: general conclusions. An 

 Ephemerid is oviparous (1) when in each oviduct several eggs are formed 

 in succession (polyoistic), which then after each other enter the calyx 

 partly during the nymphal and subimaginal life : (2) when the eggs are 

 enveloped in a strong chitinous chorion. An Ephemerid is viviparous 



* Trans. Entoraol. Soc, pp. 405-10 (2 pis.). 



t Ann. Inst. Pasteur, xxi. (1907) pp. 392-9. 



X Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., lxxxvi. (1907) pp. 641-715 (1 pi. and 3 figs.). 



§ Biol. Centralbl., xxvii. (1907) pp. 467-79. 



