ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 43 



biosis of a clearly indicated parasitic character ; it lies quite apart from 

 the evolution of sociality in the animal kingdom, with the various stages 

 of which (assemblies, aggregations, herds, etc.) it has nothing in common. 



Tunisian Ants.* — F. Santschi confirms the reality of the aberrant 

 genus Leptanilla, of which he has obtained three new species, represented 

 by males. They are probably the smallest male ants, yet they are allied 

 to the Dorylinse, in which some of the males (Dorylus) are peculiarly 

 large. Santschi also reports some new and interesting cases of ergato- 

 morphism. 



Solitary Wasps, t — Gr. Adlerz gives an account of a large number 

 of solitary wasps belonging to such genera as Bumenes, Hoplomerus, 

 Lionotus, Ancistroceros, and Odyn&rus. 



Forms of the Female of Papilio dardanus. % — Chr. Aurivillius 

 describes some new forms of the very interesting polymorphic female 

 of Papilio dardanus Brown, and takes a survey of previously recorded 

 forms. 



Termitophilous Tineid Larva. § — Ivar Tragardh describes a Tineid 

 larva from nests of RMnotermes in Zululand. The relations between 

 the larvae and the termites are evidently of a friendly nature. When 

 disturbed, the larva? were seen to make their way to other parts of the 

 nest, coming along one after the other, at regular intervals, as in a 

 procession, each larva being escorted by a few soldiers and workers. 

 The larvae depend upon the material of the nest for food. It seems 

 that the lateral abdominal appendages of the larva function as exuda- 

 tion organs, emitting a strong odour which is attractive to the termites. 



As appendages, which appear to be homologous, occur in other 

 Lepidopterous larvae, where their function, when known, is stated to be 

 defensive, it is not probable that the Tineid larva has acquired them 

 independently us an adaptation to its termitophilous life. It is more 

 likely that their function has changed from being repulsive to being 

 allurino; organs. 



■■st 



Hibernation of Marasmarcha. || — T. A. Chapman finds that in 

 this Plume Moth the newly-hatched larvae hibernate without feeding. 

 Furthermore, without eating they are able to afford to secrete silk and 

 spin a cocoon. The author does not know of any similar case among 

 Lepidoptera. After prolonged search he found the cocoons in the sand 

 surrounded by minute aggregations of sand particles. The larvae of 

 Marasmarcha (plmodactyla, fauna, tuttidactyla), always occur on plants 

 that form a considerable mass, and it seems likely that the young larvae 

 form their hibernating cocoons amongst the dead leaves and other 

 material of the plant close to the ground, and not on the plant itself, 

 but have, owing to the density of the plant, little difficulty in finding a 

 growing point when they come out in the spring. 



* Rev. Suisse Zool., xv. (1907) p. 305-34 (7 figs.). 



t Arkiv Zool., iii. (1907) No. 17, pp. 1-64. 



% Tom. cit,, No. 23, pp. 1-7 (2 pis.). 



§ Tom. cit., No. 22, pp. 1-7 (1 pi.) 



[|j Trans. Entomol. Soc. London, 1907, pp. 411-14 (1 pi.) 



