218 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



are all aerobic and require oxygen for their devolopment ; no fermenta- 

 tion was produced in any of the cultures. Froehlich established the 

 assimilation of free nitrogeu in all of these fungi : it was highest in 

 Macrosporium commune, lowest in Hormodendron. The combined 

 nitrogen is thus made available for the use of chlorophyll plants. He 

 also proved in a series of cultures what has been long surmised, that 

 Penieillium glaucum and Aspergillus niger also assimilate free nitrogen 

 from the atmosphere. 



Chalk-disease of Bread.* — A sample of bread that had been left 

 wrapped in parchment for some time was found to have developed a 

 growth of a white chalky fungus. P. Lindner examined it and found it 

 to be a new species, Endomgces fibuliger. It has the power of forming 

 hat-shaped spores and can ferment various sugars, thus resembling Willia 

 yeasts ; but it does not give a yeast generation free from mycelia in 

 fermenting liquids. 



Fermentation Fungi. f — CI. Putter has proved that a spherical yeast 

 may be imitated by cultivating Mucor racemosus in a nutrient solution ; 

 if the yeast-cells are placed in solution that contains no acid, mycelia are 

 again formed. 



■.- 



Fungus-culture of Wood-boring Beetles.! — F. W. Neger has 

 carried on an investigation, begun by H. G. Hubbard, as to the fungus- 

 food and fungus-culture of certain ambrosia beetles. In the passages 

 formed in the wood by the beetles the fungus growth called ambrosia is 

 constantly found. Neger tried to grow these fungoid bodies, but they 

 invariably died off without further development. He established, how- 

 ever, that the fungus was brought into the passages by the beetles, and 

 that the ambrosia fungus is one that infects pine-needles, probably a 

 Ceratostomella. He found, further, that very frequently Graphium — the 

 conidial form of Ceratostomella— grew abundantly in the passages. The 

 beetles do not purposely carry in fungus spores, as do the ants, but 

 the conidia cling to their bodies and are carried with them to any new 

 wood that is attacked by them. 



Bebgamesco, G. — Clitocybe Pelletieri. 



[A new species of Agaric from Italy.] 



Nuovo. Giorn. Bot. Ital., xiv. (1907) pp. 527-8. 



Bubak, Fh. — Adatok Magyarorszag gombaflorajahoz. (Contribution to the fungus 

 flora of Hungary.) 



[A number of new species have been found and described, especially among 

 the Sphasropsidese.] Novenytani Kbzlemimiek (1907) 42 pp. 



See also Ann. MycoL, v. (1907) pp. 439-40. 



Hennebebg, W. — Ein Beitrag zur Bedeutung von Gips, Kohlensaurem Kalk und 

 Soda fur die Hefe. (The significance of gypsum, carbonate of lime and soda, 

 in the culture of yeast.) 



[Yeast-cells die off where there is a lack of alkali.] 



Centralbl. Bakt.,xx. (1908) pp. 225-9. 



* Wochensch. Brau., xxiv. (1907) pp. 469-74. See also Journ. Inst. Brewing, 

 xiii. (1907) pp. 735-6. 



t Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., xxv. (1907) p. 25. See also Journ. Inst. Brewing, 

 vii. (1907) p. 733. J Centralbl. Bakt., xx. (1908) pp. 279-82. 



