182 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



Echinoderma. 



New Echinoid from Indian Ocean.* — A. R. S. Anderson describes 

 Breynia vredmburgi sp. n. from the Andamans. It agrees in some 

 respects very closely with B. carinata and B. multituberculata from the 

 Indian Oligocene. It is distinguishable in many respects from B. aus- 

 tralasue, and is remarkable for the large number of ambulacra! plates 

 traversed by the sub-anal fasciole, which includes no less than eight 

 modified pairs of pores, a larger number than is known in any other 

 Spatangoid. 



Cidaridse.f — H. L. Clark has revised this family, giving diagnoses 

 of the genera and the recent species, with the usual artificial keys and 

 bibliographic references. It seems that Gidaris is nearest to the ancestral 

 form and the centre from which the different genera have come. Whether 

 Tylocidaris represents a more primitive type, because of its imperforate 

 tubercles, is an open question. The other genera (21 are recognised) 

 fall into three groups, but the lines between these groups are not clear 

 enough to warrant any recognition of subfamilies. 



New Crinoids. — Austin H. Clarkf describes Ptilocrinus pinnatus 

 g. et sp. n. from the North Pacific, near Moresby Island, 1588 fathoms. 

 It is remarkable in being the only stalked Crinoid known from the 

 Eastern Pacific (see infra), with the exception of the closely related 

 Galamocrinus diomedce. from the Galapagos Islands. The basals are 

 completely anchylosed into a funnel-shaped cup as in Bathycrinus ; the 

 arms are five and unbranched, with about sixty joints ; the stem is com- 

 posed of 360 joints, smooth and very slender, and unusually flexible. 

 The author also discusses the species of Bathycrinus, and makes a new 

 name, B. australis, for one of them. 



Clark also describes § Phrynocrinus nudus g. et sp. n. from the south 

 coast of Nipon, Japan. The calyx is acorn-like, and quite different 

 from that in any known Crinoid ; there is a broad naked space between 

 the small radials ; no interradial plates could be made out ; and in many 

 features this new form is so peculiar that it requires a special family, 

 Phrynocrinidae. Another new form is Bathyrinus pacificus, from near 

 the same locality, a representative of a genus hitherto known only from 

 the Atlantic. 



In a third paper || the author describes Eudiocrinus tuberculatus sp. n., 

 and records two other species of this Comatulid genus, all from Japanese 

 waters. 



New Holothurians.1T — W. K. Fisher describes 18 new species of 

 Holothurians from the Hawaiian Islands, and a new genus Opheodeso?na, 

 represented by 0. spectabilis and by three species included in (Ester- 

 gren's Euapta. In this new type there are numerous madreporic canals, 

 distributed around the ring canal. A cartilaginous ring is sometimes 



* Journ. and Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, iii. (1907) pp. 145-8. 



t Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, li. (1907) pp. 165-230 (11 pis.). 



X Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, xxxii. (1907) pp. 551-4 (3 figs.). 



§ Tom. cit., pp. 507-12 (4 figs.). || Tom. cit., pp. 569-74. 



if Tom. cit., pp. 637-744 (17 pis.). 



