ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 309 



squama occipitalis and the direction of the Yenous sinuses. A sym- 

 metrical form of brain is commoner in negroes than in Egyptians or 

 Europeans. In this respect the negro is distinctly more Simian than 

 the non-negroid races. In the white races there seems to have been 

 a greater specialisation of the two cerebral hemispheres than in the 

 case of the negro, and in the former the resulting dissimilarity of 

 shape in the cerebral hemispheres produces a cranial asymmetry. The 

 symmetry of the negro cranium is thus a sign of inferiority. 



Pleural Cavity of Elephant.* — G. Vasse has had an opportunity 

 of examining the lungs of a fully grown female elephant in the Portu- 

 guese colony of Gorongoza. He publishes a note establishing the fact 

 that the lungs are quite free in the pleural cavity. " They detached 

 with the greatest facility — just as easy as the respiratory apparatus of a 

 ruminant — and at no point did any adherence exist." 



Pigment of Suprarenal Glands. f — P. Mulon establishes a rela- 

 tion between the amount of pigment and the functional actiYity in 

 the gland. He finds that in guinea-pigs, when the suprarenale have 

 functioned loug, or much, or one has taken up the work of two, there is an 

 increase of pigment and a reduction of fat. 



Structure of Soricidse.f — Augusta Arnback-Christie-Linde, with a 

 view of clearing up questions of relationship amongst the Insectivora, 

 has planned a memoir upon the structure of the Soricidas. In the 

 present instalment she deals with the integument, musculature (except 

 that of the pelvis), brain, sexual apparatus, digestive organs, spleen, 

 respiratory system, heart and vessels, as illustrated in several species of 

 Crocidura and of Sorex. General phyletic conclusions are deferred until 

 the skeleton and teeth have been dealt with. 



Studies on the Cloaca and Phallus in Amniota.§— W. Diirbeck 

 and A. Fleischmann conclude these studies. The present memoir deals 

 with the external genitals of the adult pig, and the development and 

 transformations of the phallus in the pig embryo, and the external 

 genitals of the house-cat. A tabular review of the genital development 

 in Mammalia is given by Diirbeck, and Fleischmann reviews the facts 

 and offers some general theoretical considerations. 



t3^ 



Penis in Birds. ||— Ulrich Gerhardt refers to the usual statement 

 that a true penis is confined to RatitaB and Lamellirostres. A rudi- 

 mentary one is said to occur in Grax, Grypturus, and a few other 

 Carinataa. Gadow quotes Tschudi's report as to a penis H in. long 

 in Penelope abourri. Gerhardt has found a similar organ in Grax alector. 

 In its structure it resembles that of some Anatidse, like Dendrocygnus 

 and Mergus. The author also found a well-developed penis in Tinamus 

 rufescens, quite different from that of Grax, but resembling that of 

 Apteryx. 



* Comptes Reudus, cxliv. (1907) p. 1230.; 



t C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, lxii. (1907) pp. 905-6. 



X Morphol. Jahrb., xxxvi. (1907) pp. 463-514 (35 fi*s.) 



§ Tom. cit., pp. 515-69 (4 pis. and 29 figs.). 



|| Zool. Anzeig., xxxii. (1908) pp. 649-51. 



