ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 351 



shape ; the wall is of three parts ; outer and inner of varying thickness, 

 and, inclosed in a cavity between them, the fertile layer of asci and 

 hyaline, elliptic, smooth spores. The author considers this species to 

 belong to Genea, one of the Tuberinere. 



Pyronema confluens.* — P. Claussen has had occasion to examine 

 this Ascomycete, and he has come to the conclusion that there is no 

 fusion of nuclei in the ascogoniuni such as Harper described. The male 

 nuclei pass from the antheridium to the ascogonium, but do not fuse ; 

 they lie side by side until the ascus stage is reached, and the fusion of 

 nuclei there, considered to be a second fusion, is really the first fusion of 

 the conjugate nuclei. Claussen thinks that this will prove to be the case 

 in all of the ascomycetous forms, and that fusion in the ascus is a belated 

 sexual fusion between male and female nuclei. He cites cases of de- 

 layed fusion to illustrate his discovery. 



Fruit-development in Aspergillus Fischeri.j — M. Domaradsky has 

 undertaken an examination of this species, and publishes some pre- 

 liminary notes. He was able from the ascospore to grow the mycelium 

 and conidiophores in a hanging-drop culture. Mycelium and conidio- 

 phores are white ; the fruit is slightly yellowish. Following the de- 

 velopment of the ascus fruit, he found on one of the hyphge a twisted 

 branch, occasionally forming a perfect screw, multinucleate, and at first 

 non-septate, becoming septate at a later stage . No organ corresponding 

 to an antheridium was detected, and he concludes that some kind of 

 sexual act has taken place in the twisted hypha, resulting in the associa- 

 tion of two nuclei. The enveloping hyphas in this species do not arise 

 from the hyphas nearest to the "screw": from those at some distance 

 fine branches arise that grow towards the " screw," and finally form the 

 peridium. 



Notes on some Species of Erysiphacese from India. J — E. S. 

 Salmon describes some infection experiments made with Erysiphe gra- 

 in inis from India. The host-plant was Tritict/m vulgare, and plants of 

 the same species and of Hordeum vulgare were inoculated with the 

 oidiospores and with the ascospores. The infection was successful only 

 with the Triticum plants. Salmon was successful in slightly infecting 

 some plants of Hordeum silvaticum with the same oidiospores ; but the 

 experiments proved that Erysiphe graminis occurring in India on wheat 

 is a biologic form, as it is in Europe. He describes a new species of 

 Uncimda, growing on teak. 



Seuratia and Capnodium.§ — Paul Yuillemin draws a comparison 

 between these two genera of fungi, species of which were found grow- 

 ing together. They are both Ascomycetes ; the former is rather of the 

 nature of a Discomycete ; the species 8. coffekola was found in Java 

 along with Capnodiwm, on leaves of the coffee-plant ; the two fungi 



* Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., xxv. (1907) pp. 586-90 (1 fig.). 



t Op. cit., xxvi. (1908) pp. 14-16. 



% Ann. Mycol., v. (1907) pp. 476-9. 



§ Comptes Rendus, cxlvi. (1908) pp. 307-8. 



