3">2 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



were so closely associated that it was difficult to assign to each its 

 own developmental stages. The author compares the association to 

 that found in lichens between alga and fungus. 



Origin of Yeasts.*— Following Viala and Pacottet, G. Bonnier has 

 cultivated Glceosporium nerviaeijuum to try and reproduce, as they did, 

 a yeast-form. He succeeded, after various failures, in securing a pure 

 culture, and the characteristic conidia and pycnidia already observed by 

 Klebahn ; but after eight months' continual growth on various sub- 

 stances, he has never found any yeast torulation nor any endospore 

 formation. He is thus forced to conclude that Viala and Pacottet must 

 have had some impurity in their culture, and that yeast, as before, must 

 be regarded as an autonomous plant. 



Biological Study of Glceosporium.f — E. Lasnier selected for ex- 

 periment two saprophytic species of this genus, G. Cattleym, which grows 

 on decaying lea\es of the orchid Cattleya, and 67. Musarum, which attacks 

 bananas. He grew the mycelium and spores in different media, and 

 records the effect produced in each case. He found that forms of 

 fructification were developed that are unknown in natural conditions : 

 conidia of a hyphomycetous type were produced at the tips of mycelial 

 branches at the extremities of closely-packed tufts of hyphse, or peri- 

 thecia were formed. These variations were entirely due to the medium 

 in which they were grown. Sugars were found to favour spore forma- 

 tion ; yeasts were not observed ; alkalies in small quantities did not affect 

 the growth of the fungus, but acids retarded, or in stronger quantities 

 completely checked, development. 



Hyphomycetes4 — The part just issued by G-. Lindau is largely 

 occupied by the description of species of the parasitic genus Gercospora. 

 Other genera with brown septate spores are dealt with, and the curious 

 genus Sporochisma, which forms its spores inside the hyphai. The 

 Pha3odictya3 have been commenced, and one genus, Coniothecium, has 

 been described. As before, there are many illustrations, especially of 

 Gercosporce,. 



Uredinese. — TV. Tranzschel § gives results of twelve series of experi- 

 ments. He has been able in several cases to associate different forrns of 

 the life-cycle. He contrasts Puccinia obtusata and P. Isiacce ; with the 

 spores of the latter he infected a large number of plants in different 

 natural orders, producing the JEcidium form. 



J. C. Arthur || publishes diagnoses of fifteen new species of UredineaB, 

 all of them from the American continent or neighbouring islands. 



B. Pole Evans % has undertaken a study of the histology of the 

 " cereal rusts," P. graminis, P. rubigo-vera, and P. coronata, and the 

 first paper deals with the mycelium of the uredo form, which in an early 



* Comptes Rendus, clxvi. (1908) pp. 704-7. 

 t Bull. Soc. Mycol. France, xxiw (1908) pp. ?7- 43 (3 pis.). 

 X Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora, i. Abt. 9, lief 107 (Leipzig, 1908) pp. 113-76. 

 § Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, iii. (1907) pp. 37-55. See also 

 Hedwigia, Beibl., xlvii. (1908) pp. 126-8. 



|| Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xxxiv. (1907) pp. 5S3-92. 

 i Ann. Bot., xxi. (1907) pp. 441-66 (3 pis.). 



