292 



Transactions of the Society. 



caterpillars (fig. 82). These, it has been suggested, are picked up 

 by birds, and then dropped when they discover their mistake. 

 Between the extreme types there are many intermediate forms. 



Side view. 



Front view. 



Section. 



Hooked form. Winged form. Grub-like form. 



Fig. 80. Fig. 81. Fig. 82. 



Figs. 80-82. — Seeds of Calendula officinalis, showing various forms. 



Ericaceae. — The fruit is a capsule, a berry, or a drupe. The 

 ovary has generally as many cells as the lobes of the corolla, with 

 one to many seeds in each. 



The genera with berries are Vaccinium, Aroutus, and Arcto- 

 staphylus. Vaccinium, Vitis-idaza, V. Oxycoccus, and Aroutus Unedo 

 have red berries and evergreen leaves. Vaccinium Myrtillus, 

 V. uliginosum, and Arctostaphylus alpina, have black berries and 

 deciduous leaves, in accordance with the general rule. 



In the remaining genera, Andromeda, Loiseleuria (Azalea), 

 Mcnziesia, Calluna, Erica, Pyrola, and Monotropa, the fruit is a 

 capsule. The seeds are small. In Monotropa, as in so many 

 parasites, the seeds are very small. They are nearly cylindrical, 

 and covered with a loose testa, produced at both ends. 



In Andromeda Polifolia the seeds are black and glossy, as is so 

 often the case in species where this arrangement prevails. Those 

 of Calluna are reticulated and light. 



CAMPANULACEiE. — The fruit is a capsule, with many-seeded 

 cells. The seeds are numerous and minute, and, as in other cases, 

 are jerked out by the wind or by passing animals. In the latter 



