The President's Address. By Lord Avebury. 293 



case they would readily adhere to the fur, and so be carried away. 

 In some species of the genus Campanula the capsule opens as 

 usual at the top or near the top (C Bapunculus, C.patula, C.persici- 

 folia, C. cenisia, C. hybrida, etc.) In others, on the contrary, the 

 openings are at or near the base (C. rapunculoides, C. rotundifolia, 

 C. Trachelium, C. latifolia, C. Medium, etc. I have suggested as 

 the explanation of the difference that in the former species, how- 

 ever, the capsules are upright, in the latter group they hang down. 

 In both cases, therefore, the openings are at the upper end, so that 

 the seeds cannot drop, but must be shaken out. 



Pklmulace^;. — The fruit is a one-celled capsule, containing 

 more or less numerous seeds. 



In Primida, Lysimachia, Cyclamen, and Samolus, it opens at 

 the top ; in Anagallis and Centunculus transversely, the upper half 

 becoming detached, leaving the seeds in a sort of cup. Along 



sztSt 



Fig. 83. — Anagallis arvensis. Wall of the capsule, 

 c c, elongated cells along the line of dehiscence. 



the line of dehiscence (fig. 83) the cells are elongated transversely, 

 and are but slightly attached to one another, while above and 

 below they present irregular outlines, which tend to keep them 

 together. 



The seeds are attached to the receptacle by their ventral face, 

 while the outer one is rounded or flattened by the walls of the 

 capsule. They are more or less pitted. 



Aquifoliace^e. — The holly is a typical berry-bearing tree. If we 

 speak of a berry, the holly is one of the first we think of. Botanic- 

 ally, however, the fruit is a drupe rather than a berry. The ovary 

 is 3-5, generally 4-celled, with one seed in each cell. 



The fruit is red, as usual with evergreens, and we all know 

 how they show up against the green leaves. 



Lentibulariace^e. — Fruit, a capsule. "We have two genera, 



