296 Tin a suctions of the Society. 



some are smooth. These are generally quite small. Those of some 

 species of Linaria (L. vulgaris, L. Pelisseriana) and Rhinantft/us 

 Grista-galli are winged. In Linaria Cylribalaria, which lives 

 habitually on walls, the flowers face outwards, but after they are 

 fertilised the flower-stalks turn towards the wall, thus tending to 

 protect the seeds and often to sow them in some cranny. They 

 are ridged and very light, so as to be easily carried about by the 

 wind. In other species of Linaria the capsules open at the top, 

 and the seeds are jerked out by the wind, as is also the case with 

 those of the Foxglove {Digitalis 'purpurea). 



The seeds of Veronica are peltate, being attached to the placenta 

 by the middle. In some species they are deeply cup-shaped, owing 

 to the curvature of the edges, so as to occupy all the space available 

 in the cells of the capsule. This makes them very light, and thus 

 esily carried by wind (plate IV. fig. 3). The species differ much 

 in the size of the seed, those of the aquatic species being very 

 small. 



In the Snapdragon the seeds are covered with high longitudinal 

 ridges. These would serve to lighten them, and perhaps tend to 

 protect them from being eaten, as well as against great cold. A 

 similar arrangement occurs in some foreign species, notably, for 

 instance, in Maurandia Barclayana. 



Those of Euphrasia are of an unusual type. They are large, 

 oblong, narrowed to both ends, flattened on one side and ribbed 

 longitudinally. The ribs are greyish. 



Mclampyrvm offers a very interesting case. The seeds mimic 

 the cocoons of ants. They are of the same form, size, and colour, 

 white with a black spot at one end. I have observed that they are, 

 as a matter of fact, carried away by ants, being, I think, taken for 

 cocoons (plate IV. fig. 4). 



Labiate. — Ovary of two carpels, each with two cells, free 

 or in pairs. Fruit consisting of four achene-like lobes or 

 nutlets. 



The fruit of the Labiatse recalls that of the Boraginere. As in 

 that order, it consists of four nutlets, which, however, in the 

 Labiatse are as a rule smaller, and do not present so many differ- 

 ences. They closely resemble, and are often taken for seeds. The 

 calyx in the Labiate is either small or tubular, and the base is 

 always narrow. When the nutlets are small they are more or less 

 spherical ; when they are larger they are often more or less 

 trigonous by mutual pressure (plate IV. figs. 5a, 5b). 



The nutlets having assumed the character and functions of 

 seeds, have also developed a style of sculpture which is generally 

 confined to true seeds. They are often netted or covered with 

 small warts. 



Some of the larger forms are remarkable in being variegated or 

 spotted (Galeopsis angustifolia, G. versicolor, G. Tetrahit, Lamium 



