ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 443 



stomach of a Xiphias there were found 13 small porpoises and 13 dog- 

 fishes, all unbitten. If in a case like this the animal died soon after its 

 meal and was fossilised, it might present an appearance like that of some 

 of the Ichthyosaurs with so-called embryos. Not that Branca denies 

 the occurrence of embryos in Ichthyosaurs : his point is that there are 

 sometimes so many young ones inside the body that some must have 

 come in from outside. 



Epibranchial Placodes of Ameiurus.* — F. L. Landacre has en- 

 deavoured to ascertain to what extent these ectodermic thickenings and 

 proliferations enter into the composition of the cranial nerves. The 

 communis ganglia of the 9th nerve and the visceral portions of the 

 ganglia of the first two divisions of the 10th nerve are practically pure 

 placodal ganglia ; there is more doubt about the geniculate ganglion, 

 although even here the incorporated neural crest portion must be very 

 small ; in the third division of the 10th there is a large neural crest 

 portion which combines with the placodal portion so intimately that it 

 is not possible to distinguish them. Every cranial nerve containing 

 gustatory fibres comes from a ganglion which can be traced wholly or in 

 part to an epibranchial placode. 



Poison-glands of Salamander.f — E. Nirenstein has studied the de- 

 velopment of these glands in Salamandra maculosa, and finds that they 

 arise by the transformation of mucous glands when these are still in an 

 undifferentiated state, and partly after they have become differentiated. 

 Mucous glands are continually changing into poison-glands. The for- 

 mation of the secretion from minute secretory corpuscles is described in 

 detail. The secretory corpuscle is regarded as a definite differentiation 

 of the cytoplasm, just as a myofibril or a trichocyst is. 



Notes on Anuran Development.! — E. J. Bles contributes some 

 exquisitely illustrated notes on stages of Paludicola fuscomacidata, 

 Hemisus marmoratum, and Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis collected by the 

 late J. S. Budg-ett. 



*er 



Teleostean Eggs and Larvae from the G-ambia.§ — R. Assheton 

 reports on a collection made by the late J. S. Budgett, including 

 some stages supposed to belong to Hyperopisus bebe, and the larvae of 

 Heterotis niloticus and Sarcodaces. 



Regeneration of Lens in Fishes. || — Jan Grochmalicki has experi- 

 mented with young trout {Trutta fario and T. widens), and finds 

 definite evidence that a lens may be regenerated. The process begins 

 in a primordium on the upper iris margin or laterally, and it seems to 

 be much slower than in Amphibians. 



Development of Carp's Swim-bladder. IT — 0. Thilo finds that the 

 swim-bladder arises on the right side of the oesophageal wall, as a small 



* Ohio Naturalist, xiii. (1908) pp. 251-5. 

 t Arch. Mikr. An it., lxxii. (l l J08) pp. 47-140 (3 pis.). 



\ The Work of J. S. Budgett (Cambridge, 1907) pp. 443-58 (6 pis., 2 figs.). 

 § Tom. cit., pp. 435-42 (6 figs.). 



|| Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., lxxxix. (1908) pp. 164-72 (6 figs.). 

 \ Zool. Anzeig., xxxii. (1908) pp. 589-97 (5 figs.). 



