456 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



Hymenolepis fragilis.* — T. B. Rosseter describes this tapeworm, 

 which he found in a wild duck {Anas boschas, /era L.). This is the 

 only recorded instance of its having been found since Krabbe discovered 

 the species in a teal (Anas crecca L.), and called it Taenia fragilis. 



Studies on Cestodes. — 0. von Linstow f describes Hymenolepis 

 furcifera Krabbe, and Tatria biremis Kow., from Podiceps nigricollis. 



P. E. Garrison J discusses the cestode parasites of man in the 

 Philippine Islands, and describes Tcenia philippina sp. n., the Cysticercus 

 of which remains unknown. 



Ludwig Colin § describes Lytocestus adherens g. et sp. n., from the 

 intestine of Clarias fuscus. It is apparently a Tetraphyllid, but the 

 genital system is quite different from that of previously described 

 genera. 



C. v. Janicki || gives a valuable account of the structure of Amphilina 

 liguloidea Diesing, showing in particular how it occupies an inter- 

 mediate position between Trematodes and Cestodes, and that there is 

 much to be said in support of Piutner's view that it is a ptedogenetic 

 larval form. 



Cytological Study of Triclad Pharynx. % — A. Korotneff describes a 

 remarkable process of nucleus-expulsion in the cell-plate which limits the 

 wall of the pharynx in Planarians. He thinks that the process is not so 

 unique as it may seem ; thus various authorities have described a nucleus- 

 expulsion in the development of red blood-corpuscles. In the case of the 

 Planarian pharynx the nucleus seems to disappear when the cytoplasm 

 ceases to be plastic or even active. 



Parasite of Cockle.** — P. Hallez describes Proderostoma cardii 

 g. et sp. n., a parasitic Rhabdoccel which lives in the stomach of Gardium 

 edule (in 44 p.c. of those examined). It is one of the Vorticidse, and 

 is allied to GraffiUa and to the parasite of Tellina which Graff has called 

 Provortex tellince. It may be called a protandrous hermaphrodite, but 

 spermatozoa are produced after as well as before the period when the 

 ovary functions. Numerous cocoons (over 70) are produced by each 

 animal and are lodged in the connective tissue of the parent. A cocoon 

 contains 1 to 3 ova, usually 2, and the young bore their way out of the 

 parent into the cockle's stomach. 



Syncytial Nature of the Gut in Rhabdoccelids.tf — P- Hallez has 

 studied the embryos of Proderostoma cardii, and finds that the gut has 

 no lumen, that it is a syncytium, and that it does not differ from 

 the connective syncytium except in imprisoning the remains of the 

 yolk. The gut never shows any epithelium, and there is no distinc- 



* Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, x. (1908) pp. 229-34 (1 pi.). 



f Centralbl. Bakt. Parasitenk., xlvi. (1908) pp. 38-40 (5 figs.). 



I Philippine Journ. SoL, ii. (1907) pp. 537-50 (5 pis.). 



§ Centralbl. Bakt. Parasitenk., xlvi. (1908) p. 134-9 (4 figs.). 



j| Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., lxxxix. (1908) pp. 568-97. 



1 Tom. cit., pp. 555-67 (2 pis. and 2 figs.). 

 ** Comptes Rendus, cxlvi. (1908) pp. 1047-9. 

 tt Tom. cit., pp. 1106-8. 



