ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 509 



condensation fluid after the manner of MacNeal and Novy.* Cultures 

 were also made on the medium used by these investigators, but the 

 results were not so favourable as on those of the author's modification. 

 The tubes were kept at about 22° (19°-23°), and examined on the ninth 

 day. It is stated that in the case of Kala-azar sub-cultures were 

 successful down to the sixth generation. 



Separation of Bacillus typhosus and Bacillus coli.f — A. Guillemard 

 has been able to separate B. typhosus and B. coli by adding certain 

 alkaline salts to the culture medium. The author found that sulphates 

 and phosphates of sodium caused broth cultures of B. coli to produce 

 flocculi which were soon deposited, and the liquid medium became clear, 

 but that cultures of B. typhosus were unaffected, and the uniform 

 cloudiness of the broth remained. Chlorides and nitrates had no 

 appreciable effect on cultures of B. coli. The author found that B. 

 paratyphosus A Bryon-Kayser and B. enteriditis Gaertner behaved like 

 B. coli in forming flocculent cultures, but B. paratyphosus B Schott- 

 miiller and B. d'Achard (psittacosis) behaved like B. typhosus. 



Fermentation of Sugars by the Meningococcus and the Micro- 

 coccus catarrhalis.! — J- Bruckner, employing litmus-broth mixed with 

 ascitic fluid and various sugars, finds that one strain M 1 of the Meningo- 

 coccus ferments cane-sugar, lactose, and mannite, but not glucose, or 

 maltose ; that two other strains, M 2 and M 3, ferment all five of these 

 sugars. Of two strains of Micrococcus catarrhal is, one ferments cane- 

 sugar, glucose, lactose and maltose, though more slowly than the 

 Meningococcus, whereas the other only reddens the lactose broth very 

 slightly and for a short time. The author considers that litmus media 

 are not suitable for the differentiation of these micrococci. 



By using slightly alkaline media containing neutral red, the two 

 strains M 2 and M 3 behave identically in broth containing 1 p.c. maltose, 

 there appears a slightly fluorescent cerise coloration which soon becomes 

 ruby red ; glucose broth becomes canary -yellow with green fluorescence, 

 and broths containing other sugars are unchanged ; M 1 gives the same 

 reaction with maltose, but only after 5 days, whereas with glucose there 

 appears a slightly fluorescent cerise coloration. It was noted that with 

 litmus media this strain attacked neither glucose nor maltose. The two 

 strains of M. catarrhalis attacked none of the sugars in ascitic neutral 

 red broth. The author considers that this method offers an easy differ- 

 entiation between the Meningococcus and the Micrococcus catarrhalis. 



Aerobic Cultivation of Anaerobes.§ — S. Hata finds that the culti- 

 vation of anaerobes in the presence of air occurs in broth which con- 

 tains reducing agents and solid particles. In Smith-Torazzi's organ- 

 broth, and Wrzosek's potato-broth, the reducing properties of the cells, 

 and the cells themselves as solid particles act together. In broth con- 

 taining 0*3-0'7 p.c. anhydric Na 2 S0 3 , anaerobes will grow in the 



* See this Journal, 1904, p. 116. 



f Comptes Rendus, cxlvi. (1908) p. 1177. 



I C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, lxiv. (1908) p. 765. 



§ Ceutralbl. Bakt., lte Abt. Orig., xlvi. (1908) p. 539. 



