ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 635 



capillitiuin, and darker, rather larger, spores. Chondrioderma niveum 

 was found in a position which indicated that the plasmodium stage 

 must often be passed under the snow. 



Myxomycete Studies.*— E. Jahn devotes the seventh of these 

 papers to Ceratiomyxa. He describes the work done by Famintzin and 

 Woronin on this genus, which differs from other Myxomycetes in 

 possessing a four-nucleate spore : the amoeba which issues from the 

 spore separates into four smaller amcebas, these dividing once again, so 

 that eight swarmers arise from each. In the development of the fruit 

 of Ceratiomyxa he distinguishes (1) the cushion stage ; (2) elongation 

 stage, when horn-like processes are formed ; (3) a mesh condition, the 

 plasma covering the " horns " with threads ; (4) a " plaster " stage 

 (round amoebae) ; (5) a spore stage. From careful preparations Jahn 

 found that in the mesh stage there is one mitotic division before spore 

 formation which, as in other Myxomycetes, is a reduction division — 

 previous to that there had been a fusion of nuclei in the plasmodium, 

 the resulting nucleus containing 16 chromosomes ; associated therewith 

 were many unpaired degenerate nuclei. 



Jaap, 0. — Myxomycetes exsiccati. Ser. 1, Nos. 1-20. 



[A new issue of Myxomycetes. E. Jahn has assisted in determining the 

 specimens.] Hamburg 25, Burggarten la 1907. 



See also Bot. Centralbl, cviii. (1908) p. 271. 



S chizophy t a. 

 Schizomycetes. 



Bacillus intermediate to Bacillus typhosus (Eberth) and to 

 Bacillus paratyphosus A (Brion and Kayser).f — (x. Faroy has isolated 

 from the blood of a fatal case of continuous fever resembling typhoid, a 

 flagellate micro-organism morphologically very like B. typhosus. Broth, 

 agar, and potato cultures resembled those of B. typhosus or B. paraty- 

 phosus A ; growth occurred on gelatin without causing liquefaction ; there 

 was no production of indol ; growth was less vigorous under anaerobic 

 than under aerobic conditions ; milk was not coagulated, but litmus-milk 

 showed a persistent acidification : like B. typhosus, but less actively 

 than B. paratyphosus A, this bacillus fermented glucose, maltose, 

 laevulose, galactose, and mannite ; like B. typhosus, it had no action on 

 lactose, saccharose, raffinose, arabinose, or dulcite : it fermented glycerin 

 slightly, like B. paratyphosus A, which, however, acts on dulcite. On 

 gelatin with nitroprussiate of soda a green coloration was slowly formed, 

 an effect which appears more rapidly and to a more marked degree with 

 B. paratyphosus A, and not at all with B. typhosus. In neutral-red 

 broth a slight orange-red fluorescence appeared after 48 hours, an effect 

 which appears more intense with B. paratyphosus A, and not at all with 

 B. typhosus. 



In its agglutination reaction this organism appeared to be inter- 

 mediate between B. typhosus and B. paratyphosus A. The serum of 



* Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., xxvi. (1908) pp. 312-52 (2 figs.), 

 t C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, lxiv. (1908) p. 1093. 



