ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 595 



coast of Africa and at Porto Eico ; and that Cum nutria, echinata Maren- 

 zeller in this collection was previously known only from Japan. 



Coelentera. 



Hydroid parasitic on Fish.* — R. E. Lloyd describes NudirJava 

 monacanthi g. et sp. n., growing on the side of an Indian Ocean surface 

 fish, Monacanthus tomentosus. He compares it with the peculiar 

 Hydrichthys mi/rus which Fewkes found growing on the Carangoid 

 fish Seriola zonata, at Newport, U.S.A. The resemblance is only in 

 habit. Alcock has also described a gymnoblastic hydroid, Stylactis rninoi, 

 attached to a rock-haunting Scorpaenid, Minous inermis. In Nvdkiam 

 the hydrophyton is a compact plate-like structure, composed of an 

 irregular labyrinthine coenosarc with very poorly developed perisarc. 

 The hydranths are clavif orm when retracted, totally devoid of tentacles ; 

 their cavities are lined by a special layer of pavement epithelium, and 

 they contain well developed muscle-fibres among the endoderm. The 

 gonophores are closed sporosacs, without radial canals, tentacles, or 

 ectodermal invaginations. 



Atlantic Tima at Trieste.f — Gr. Stiasny reports the occurrence of 

 Tima flavilabris Eschscholtz — an Atlantic species — in the Gulf of Trieste. 

 In recent years this form has occurred frequently at Naples, and it is 

 probably identical with T. bairdii, which is not uncommon on Scottish 

 coasts. 



Large Antipatharian from Faero Islands.} — ,). Arthur Thomson 

 describes a large specimen, over a yard in height, apparently of Paranti- 

 pathes larix Esper. A slight modification of the diagnosis of the species 

 is suggested, but the chief point of interest is the great extension of the 

 previously recorded range of distribution. ■; 



Revision of Nephthyidse.§ — W. Kiikenthal discusses the genera 

 Eunephthya Yerrill and Gersemia Marenzeller. The former includes 

 Nephthyidae of branched tree-like habit ; with polyps singly or in 

 bundles ; polyps retractile or non-retractile, without verruca or 

 Stutzbundel ; canal walls not thickly filled with spicules. The latter 

 includes " Nephthyidre without Stutzbundel, with polyps neither in 

 lobules nor bundles, but singly ; with tree-like habit, but the branches 

 may remain rudimentary ; the polyps have a sharply defined, non- 

 retractile calyx, into which the upper portion can be withdrawn." 



He suggests that Eunephthya is at the root of the family and 

 links it back to Alcyonium ; Gersemia is close beside Eunephthya; 

 Neospongodes and IMhophytum may be traced back to Eunephthya, 

 and Lemnalia is near IMhophytum. From the Nephthyiform-stock 

 the genus Nephthya has arisen, and parallel to it Gapnella ; from 

 Xfjihtln/n the genus Dendronephthya (Spongodes of most authors) has 

 evolved, and it leads on to Scleronephthya ; Nephthya again has given 

 origin to Stereonephthya, which leads to the Siphonogorgids. 



* Records Indian Museum, i. (11)07) pp. 281-9 (2 pis). 

 t Arbeit. Zool. Inst. Univ. Wien, xvii. (190S) pp. 221-4 (1 pi.). 

 I Proc. Rov. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh, xvii. (1908) pp. 188-94 (1 pi.). 

 § Zool. Jakrb., xxiv. (1907) pp. 317-90. 



2 R 2 



