598 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



[lumber, with nuclei scarcely larger than those of the cold cultures, hut 

 poor in chromatin. 



Lowered temperature paralyses the cell-functious to some extent. 

 Nuclear elimination is slow and incomplete, as indicated by (1) the large 

 number of nuclei retained from the mother-cyst reduction to act as 

 centres for primary cysts : (2) the superabundance of chromatin in 

 these nuclei ; (3) the occurrence of two nuclei in one primary cyst, and 

 (4) the occurrence of occasional " dead " nuclei within the groups of 

 primary cysts. 



In many of the cultures, encystation set • in during the oncome of a 

 " depression " wave, and it was found that in an encystation culture of 

 depressed individuals the nuclear elimination tends to be incomplete. 



Haplosporidian of Flounder.* — Muriel Robertson describes a species 

 oildithijospnrkliiim from the liver, the wall of the stomach and intestine, 

 and the mesentery of the flounder. It causes much disturbance of the 

 tissues of the host and proliferation of the connective-tissue. It is com- 

 pared with /. gasterophilum, described by Caullery and Mesnil, from 

 which it differs in various respects. Thus a well-developed cyst-wall is 

 generally present ; the nuclei show fine rays between the karyosome and 

 the nuclear membrane, plasmotomy occurs, the annual comes out of its 

 cyst and breaks up into reproductive bodies which appear to be binucleate. 



Protozoa. 



Botellina.f — P. G. Pearcey discusses the remarkable Foraminifera 

 referred to the genus BotelUna, and describes B. pinnata, a new species 

 from the Cape. It is conspicuous among Astrorhizidse by its size 

 (1 to 2\ inches in height, with a diameter of T \ to -f of an inch), and by 

 its walls subdivided into chambers which communicate freely with a 

 main tubular chamber running through the whole test. The arenaceous 

 test is free, erect, pinnate, rising from a primordial chamber with 

 pseudopodial openings situated at the extremity of the pinnate out- 

 growths. The author has had abundant specimens at his disposal and 

 gives a full account of this remarkable type. 



Archerina, Golenkinia, and Botryococcus.J — E. Ray Lankester 

 points out that Chodat's Oolmkinia radiata (1894), and Lemmermann's 

 Richteriella botryoides (18138), are the same as his Archerina (1885). 

 He thinks, however, that Archerina is one of the simpler Protophyta, 

 not a Protozoon. It occurs frequently in close association with 

 amoeboid protoplasm, probably belonging to a Vampyrella-like organism. 



The author also arives an account of observations made nearlv twenty- 

 five years ago on what he called "cayenne-pepper growth," found 

 floating on the surface of English lakes. His drawings are also 

 published. The organism turns out to be Botryococcus bra-unit of 

 Ktitzing, of which Chodat has published a full description and figure. 



* Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh, xvii. (1908) pp. 175-87 (2 pis.). 

 t Trans. S. African Phil. Soc, xvii. (1908) pp. 185-94 (1 pi. and 1 fig.). 

 t Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., iii. (1908) pp. 423-30 (1 pi.). 



