ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 623 



cause the alga to enter a resting stage form or to fruit sexually. Tables 

 are given in which the relative abundance and frequency of the 

 commoner algge are shown ; and a complete list of the alga? found is 

 appended. 



KiMMEEER, P. — Symbiose zwischen (Edogonium undulatum und Wasserjung- 

 ferlarven. (Symbiosis between (Edogonium undulatum and the larvae of a 

 dragon-fly.) Wicsner- Festschrift. Wien : K. Konegen, 1908, pp. 239-52. 



Karsten, G.— Die Entwicklung der Zygoten von Spirogyra jugalis Ktzg. (The 

 development of the zygotes of Spirogyra jugalis.) 



[A detailed and illustrated account of the changes in the spore-cell and 

 nucleus.] Flora, xcix. (1908) pp. 1-11 (1 pi. ) 



Fungi. 



(By A. Lorrain Smith, F.L.S.) 



Zygospores of Sporodinia grandis.* — A. Lendner has submitted 

 these to careful examination throughout their development. He finds 

 that oue of the protogametes penetrates the other, suggesting a sexual 

 difference. The protogametes possess at first numerous nuclei ; later 

 there appear two large nuclei with always two chromosomes ; these fuse 

 to form the zygospore ; the remaining smaller nuclei divide and Hue the 

 outer wall ; finally they disappear. 



Microsiphoneae.f — Paul Yuillemin explains the meaning of this term, 

 as distinct from Siphoniycetes. The name has been given to an uncer- 

 tain group with fine filaments branched and non-septate, such as 

 Actinomyces, etc., but the classification is only provisory. The Sipho- 

 mycetes represent another somewhat temporary resting place for uncertain 

 forms such as Gunning hamislla. 



Study of Saprolegniacege.J — 0. H. Kauffman collected his material 

 from rivers, ponds, etc., containing aquatic plants, alga?, or merely 

 decaying vegetable matter. He explains his method of cultivating the 

 fungi in the laboratory and of securing pure cultures on beef -gelatin, and 

 then transferring them to capsules of pea-broth and to solutions contain- 

 ing salts and other substances. He noted the effect of the different media 

 on growth and reproduction, the development of the sexual organs, etc. 

 His results corresponded with those of Klebs, that hasmoglobin and 

 leucin were most favourable in inducing the production of sexual organs. 

 He describes in detail all the variations in growth observed by him ; 

 these were very extensive and somewhat affect the standards of classifica- 

 tion within the genus. His results also seem to provide evidence 

 towards the doctrine that sex in plants is determinable by external 

 conditions. 



Norwegian Mucorineae.§ — 0. Hagem has isolated from the air a 

 number of Mucor species. He exposed Petri dishes with a variety of 

 sterilised substances in and around Christiania, and found that species 



* Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, viii. (1908) pp. 77-8. See alsoBot. Centralbl., cvii. 

 (1903) pp. 618. f C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, lxiv. (1908) pp. 1042-3. 



% Ann. of Bot., xxii. (1908) pp. 361-87 (1 pi.). 

 § Vid. Selsk. Skr., i. Math.-Nat. Kl., No. 7, 1907 (1908) 50 pp. (22 figs.). 



