ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY. ETC. 73~> 



Tjibodas (4600 ft.), and on Pangerango, the highest peak (about 

 10,000 ft.). Near Buitenzorg he obtained interesting species of Riccia, 

 Marchantia, Dumortiera, P attar inula, Metzgeria, Riccardia, Gyathodium, 

 Dmdroceros, Notothylas, Anthoceros. A species of the latter contained 

 multiple chromatophores, and has been made the type of a new genus, 

 Megaceros. At the cooler altitude of Tjibodas the hepaticas run riot. 

 The paths and banks are overgrown with Marchantia and Anthoceros. 

 But it was in the forest that the majority were found — Treubia in thick 

 mats, the rare Galobryum Bhimei and Galycalaria, Riccardia in 

 abundance, Paltavicinia, Metzgeria, Zoopsis, Marchantia, Wicsncrella. 

 Upon the peak of Pangerango were the alpine Pallavicinia Zollingeri 

 and Fimbriaria Zollingeri. 



Development of Sexual Organs and Sporogonium of Marchantia.* 

 E. J. Durand points out that, though Marchantia polymorphs has long 

 been a favourite object for class study, and has been made the subject 

 of numerous investigations, yet nowhere has there ever been published 

 an even approximately complete account of the development of its 

 antheridia, archegonia, and sporogonia, nor anything approaching a 

 complete series of figures illustrating these phenomena. Accordingly 

 he has prepared a brief account of the development of these organs 

 accompanied by a series of 103 drawings made with the camera-lucida to 

 show the successive stages. The microtome sections were stained with 

 Delafield's hematoxvlin. 



Thallophyta. 



Algse. 

 (By Mrs. E. S. Gepp.) 



Italian Charace*e. — A. Beguinot and L. Formiggini f publish 

 some further notes upon variations of Italian Characeaj founded upon 

 an examination of the collections preserved in the botanical institutes of 

 Pisa, Rome, and Palermo. 



L. Formiggini J gives a revised list of Sicilian Characeae comprising 

 eighteen species and numerous varieties, six species and six varieties 

 being new for that island. For the preparation of this list he has 

 consulted the herbaria of Palermo, Rome, and Genoa, and the works of 

 the only four authors who have treated the subject. 



Original Meaning of Chara.§— C. I>. Robinson shows that the 

 name Ghara, as understood by the Latins, had a very different signifi- 

 cance from that which it bears in modern botany. The earliest record 

 of its use in literature occurs in .Julius Caesar's " De Bello Civile," 

 book hi., chap. 48, where it is stated that a kind of root called Ghara 

 was found in the valleys, and when mixed with milk it greatly lessened 

 the feeling of hunger. It was made into the likeness of bread. 

 Robinson suggests Car am Garni as the root intended. 



* Bull. TorreyBot. Club, xxxv. (l'J08) pp. 321-35 (5 pis.). 



t Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital., 1908, pp. 78-81. 



% Tom. oit., pp. 81-6. § Torreva, viii. (1908) pp. 29-30. 



