ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 777 



composed of pyrogallic acid 2 p.c, tannic acid 1 p.c, and distilled 

 water to 100. The slips then become covered with a black deposit, 

 which is carefully removed by several applications of filter paper moist- 

 ened in water ; they are then dried and mounted in balsam. Examined 

 with an oil-immersion lens the tubercle bacilli are found to be stained 

 jolack, whilst the leprosy bacilli remain transparent and clear, and may 

 be subsequently stained by Ziehl-Nielsen's carbol-fuchsin method. 



Studying the Sexual Organs of Cestoda.* — H. H. Balsz found 

 that Anoplocephala matin a was the best material, though he also used 

 A. perforata and Solmophorm sp. The worms were fixed in sublimate, 

 and paraffin sections made. The sections were stained with : 1. 

 Iron-ha3inatoxylin and eosin. 2. Methylen-blue safranin : the sections 

 removed from water were first stained on the slide by means of Nissl's 

 methylen-blue method, the stain being gently warmed for about £ 

 minute. After a wash in water, the slides were quickly passed through 

 40 p.c. alcohol and then to safranin solution (200 com. distilled water, 

 0'5 grm. safranin, 70 c.cm. absolute alcohol), wherein they remained 

 for ^-1 minute, according to the thickness of the section. They were 

 rapidly passed through upgraded alcohols to xylol and balsam. 3. For 

 demonstrating the basal membrane, Mallory's triple stain was used. 

 The sections were first stained with acid-fuchsin, then washed, and 

 afterwards mordanted for 1 or 2 minutes with | p.c. solution of 

 phosphomolybdic acid and then placed in the following solution :— 

 anilin-blue, " 5 grm. ; orange, 2 grm. ; oxalic acid, 2 grm. ; dis- 

 tilled water, 100 grm. In this they remained for from 2-5 minutes, 

 and after a wash in distilled water they were placed in 40 p.c. alcohol. 

 This brings out the blue. If not sufficiently dyed, the sections may be 

 re-stained. Next, upgraded alcohols to xylol. 4. Bleu-de-Lyon with 

 ammonium-picrate and Hem's thionin methods were also used, but the 

 results were not better. 



Staining Spirochaeta pallida. — M. Gottbergf fixed this material 

 in Zenker's fluid and then stained the paraffin sections by Heidenhain's 

 iron-hamiatoxylin method. The sections were mordanted for 24 hours 

 in 2 • 5 p.c. iron-alum solution and immersed in Weigert's hasinatoxylin 

 for one or two days. The differentiation in 0*75 p.c. iron-alum solution 

 took a few minutes. 



H. Ehrlich and J. T. Lenartowitz J find that Spirochceta pallida 

 stains in Ziehl-Xielsen and in carbol-gentian-violet in from h to 2 

 minutes ; in carbol-methylen-blue or carbol-dahlia in 5 to 10 minutes ; 

 in Loeffier's methylen-blue and carbol-thionin in 25 to 30 minutes : in 

 saturated aqueous solution of safranin, Bismarck-brown and vesuvin in 

 1 hour or more. 



(Tradle§ recommends as a clinical stain: — (1) methylen-blue 0*5, 



* Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., xci. (1908) pp. 26G-9G (2 pis.), 

 t Archiv f. Hygiene, lxv. (1908) pp. 243-51. 

 j Wiener Med. Wochenschr., 1908, p. 1018. 



§ Journ. Amer. Med. Assoc, 1. (1908) No. 16. See also Centralbl. Bakt. Ref., 

 xlii. (1908) pp. 290-2. 



Dec. 16th, 1908 3 F 



