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hooks. The former are usually ahout 600 fathoms long with 

 hooks attached every lj fathoms hy 9 inch snoods. Five 

 hundred hooks are ahout the maximum iu use. The fish 

 caught are chiefly catfish, seer, palamin (Cftorinemus)* kora 

 (Sciaena), katuwa, dogfish and rays. The bait employed 

 consists of sardines, mackerel, and other small fish which are 

 purchased from net fishermen. Small canoes manned by two 

 men are exclusively used iu this fishery ; they leave shore at 

 daybreak and reach their fishing ground generally between 8 

 and 9 a.m. returning home in the afternoon. 



52. The fishes sought after bv the large hook long-liners 

 are limited almost entirely to sharks of large size. The line 

 used is short, from 100 to 200 fathoms in length, the hooks 

 being suspended at 10 fathom intervals from the ends of 

 jointed ironwire snoods about 1 J feet long. Stout home-made 

 hooks are used, measuring from 8 to 10 inches in length and 

 are baited with large pieces of other fish, more especially dog- 

 fish ; beef is also said to be used when procurable at suffi- 

 ciently low price. The same small canoe as used by the small 

 hook liners is favoured, manned by two men or by three as 

 maximum ; one reason why they prefer a small to a large canoe 

 is that a large shark is more difficult to load into a high-sided 

 large canoe than into a small one. A small canoe may be 

 canted over and the shark slipped in ; if need be the men 

 jump overboard, submerge the canoe and bring it under the 

 shark, subsequently baling out the water — a similar plan to that 

 recently adopted in one of the home graving docks to load a 

 large submarine aboard the ship that was to convey her to 

 Japan. 



53. The shark liners proceed further seawards than any 

 other fishermen on the West Coast with the one exception of 

 the Eatnagiri men ; severaHimes we met them between 6 and 

 7 miles from land fishing in depths of 16 to 20 fathoms. 

 They claim to go further seawards but we never saw them any 

 more than 7 miles out, the distance carefully ascertained by 

 compass bearings. Even fishing at this distance is of compara- 

 tively recent adoption ; I was told that this u deep-sea " 

 shark lining has not been practised for more than six or seven 

 years. 



54. Considerable as has been the development of this 

 method of fishing, it compares unfavourably with long lining 

 as carried on in Europe where, instead of the paltry 500 hooks 

 arming a Malabar trot, a long line may extend to five or six 

 miles in length and carry from 5,000 to 6,000 hooks. 



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