ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 805 



scarlatinal disease was produced, the septic contaminations having been 



eliminated. This monkey showed all the classical signs of scarlet fever. 

 Further experiments with gland material filtered by means of aBerkefeld 

 filter, showed that the filtrate would give rise to the disease. From 

 which it would appear that the causal agent of scarlet fever is a filter 

 passer. 



Growth of Bacterium zopfii.*— H. Kufferath discusses the physical 

 conditions which determine the mode of growth of this organism in 

 gelatin. If planted upon a thick layer of gelatin, maintained vertically, 

 it will develop a filamentous, arborescent growth, consisting of more or 

 less vertical threads growing in a direction contrary to gravity. The 

 author first of all gives an account of the contributions of other workers 

 to the solution of the problem, giving prominence to the views of 

 Jacobsen, with which he is largely in accord. He considers that under 

 the influence of gravity, the medium might fall into layers of greater or 

 less density, the latter holding, moreover, a larger proportion of water. 

 The bacterium inoculated into such a medium would follow the lines of 

 less resistance and higher proportion of water, thus marking out graphic- 

 ally the lines of force of gravity acting through the medium. This 

 implies that the organism possesses the qualities of haptotropism (re- 

 sponse to variations in pressure) and hydrotropism (response to variations 

 in moisture). Superficial colonies consist of radiating filaments. One of 

 these penetrating the surface of the medium forms a deep branching 

 growth. In a scanty quantity of medium, where variations in tension 

 are not perceptible, the growth is more irregular. There is a correlation 

 between the shape of the individual and that of the colony, a cocco- 

 bacillary type occurring at times in small round colonies. Growth in a 

 comparatively inelastic medium, such as agar, does not show any of these 

 appearances. 



Beijerinck, M. W. — Pigments as Products of Oxidation by Bacterial Action. 

 Konink. Akacl. Wetcyisch. tc Amsterdam, xiii. (1910) pp. 1066-77. 



Romanowitch, M.— Contribution a l'etude de la Flore intestinale de rhomme. 



C.B. Soc. Biol. Paris, lxxi. (1911) pp. 237-9. 



Springer— Ein Fund von Bacillus paratyphi Typus A in der Gallenblase, neber 

 Einwirkung der Bakterien der Typhus-Coli-Gruppe auf verschiedene Zucker- 

 arten. Centralbl. Bakt., lte Abt. Orig., lx. (1911) pp. 2-14. 



Wolff, A. — Bacterium fuchsinum und Bacterium violaceum. 



[Descriptions of two chromogenous organisms isolated from water.] 



Centralbl. Bakt., 2te Abt., xxx. (1911) pp 639-44. 



Ann. Inst. Pasteur, xxv. (1911) pp. 601-17. 



