ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 769 



colonies, are described. The contrast between somatocytes and germino- 

 cytes is described. They are grouped in two hemispheres, the somatic 

 hemisphere being always anterior. 



It seems that Pleodorina californica is connected to Eudorina by 

 Pleodorina illinoisensis ; and Eudorina, Pleodorina, and Volvos form a 

 series illustrating an increasing differentiation between somatic cells and 

 germ-cells. The author makes an interesting comparison between Pleo- 

 dorina californica and the amphiblastula of Sycandra, which it exactly 

 resembles, the ectodermic hemisphere corresponding to the somatic and 

 the endodermic to the germinative. The phylogenetic interest of the 

 Yolvocinids — " Protozoaires somatides " — is discussed. 



New Dinoflagellates. * — Charles A. Kofoid and Josephine R. 

 Micliener give preliminary descriptions of a large number of new species 

 collected by the 'Albatross' (1904-5), and establish two new genera, 

 Peridiniella, related to Peridinium, and Berghiella, of undeterminable 

 relationships. The puzzling form Berghiella is like a spheroidal Gony- 

 aiilax, with very abruptly differentiated low cylindrical apical horn with 

 truncate apex. " Girdle with hyaline lists, descending, displaced less than 

 a girdle width, not impressed. Ventral area not delimited posteriorly. 

 Absolutely no trace of subdivision of theca into plates or regions." 



Studies on Trypanosomes.f — Sir David Bruce and Captains A. E. 

 Hamerton, N. R. Bateman and F. P. Mackie report from a Uganda ox 

 a Trypanosome which seems to be identical with T. brucei, the cause of 

 Nagana. They also report J T. vivax (Ziemann), an easily recognizable 

 species, which gives rise to a fatal disease of cattle in Uganda. Its 

 carrier is probably Glossina pa/pal is, which is found naturally infected 

 on the lake-shore. The reservoir of the virus is possibly the antelope 

 which frequents the G. palpal is area. 



Bee Disease due to Nosema apis.§ — H. B. Fantham and Annie 

 Porter have found bees and combs from Cambridgeshire and Hertford- 

 shire infected with the microsporidian Nosema apis (found by Zander in 

 Bavaria), which is closely allied to the parasite of silkworm disease 

 (pebrine), N. bombycis. The trophozoite and pansporoblast stages of 

 N. apis have been observed in the gut-epithelium of the bee. The 

 result is a dry dysentery, and the spores are the infective stages. Infec- 

 tion is probably spread by diseased bees attempting to enter healthy 

 hives. Experimental infection was brought about. The only certain 

 destructive ao-ent is fire. The authors think that Nosema has been 



o 



responsible for much of the recent " bee-disease ; but they recognize 

 " foul brood "as a quite separate disease. They also call attention to 

 Dr. Maiden's investigation of a bacillary infection in bees, the parasite 

 being called Bacillus pestiformis apis. The authors found, besides 

 Nosema, various Gregarines, a Flagellate apparently belonging to the 

 genus Crithitiia, a new Amoeba (Entamoeba apis), a spirochgete, and 

 various Fungi. 



* Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., liv. (1911) pp. 269-302. 



t Proc. Roy. Soc, Series B, lxxxiii. (1910) pp. 1-14 (2 pis.). 



% Proc. Roy. Soc, Series B, lxxxiii. (1910) pp. 15-27 (3 pis.). 



§ Proc. Zool. Soc, 1911, pt. iii. pp. 625-6. 



