750 SUMMARY OF CUBRBNT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



Mosquito sucked by Midge.*- I". II. Gravely reports finding in the 

 Sunderbunds a small < Jhironomid (Gulicoides), with its proboscis embedded 

 in the abdomen of a mosquito (Myzomyia rossii). Probably the Gulicoides 

 sucks mammalian blood and was taking it second-hand from the mosquito. 



Experiments with Dragon-fly Larvae. f — R. J. Tillyard concludes 

 from experiments on a Libellulid larva (undetermined) that the larvae 

 may live more than a year, and under adverse circumstances over two 

 years ; that they can resist starvation for eight months, and considerable 

 drought for nine weeks. He also worked with larvae of Synthemis 

 eustalacta Burm., which lived in three inches of dry sand for ten weeks. 



Histological Study of the Innervation of the Heart of Larval 

 Dragon-fly.! — A. Zawarzin points out that, in spite of all the thousands 

 of entomological researches, we do not know much in regard to the 

 minute structure of the nervous system. Modern neurological methods 

 have been but little applied. He has made a thorough study of the 

 nerves of the heart of jEschnaA&vvgd. There are no nerve-cells on the 

 heart or near it ; the innervation is due to peripheral nerve-fibres and 

 their terminations. The nerves spring from paired (cardiac) ganglia 

 of the visceral system and from the ganglia of the ventral chain. The 

 nerves from the latter are probably motor ; they enter segmentally into 

 the cardiac nerve which comes from cardiac ganglia. Some endings, 

 probably motor, are disposed on the wall of the heart, in the valves, on 

 the septum, and on the alary muscles. Their terminal threads have a 

 characteristic necklace-like varicosity and no anastomosis. Other nerve- 

 endings form a plexus at the ostia. 



Buccal Apparatus of Hemiptera.§ — E. Bugnion and N. Popoff 

 give an account of the mouth-parts in Graphosoma, Pijrrhocoris, Raphi- 

 gaster, and other Hemiptera. They discuss the rostrum, the labrum, the 

 stylets, the supporting tentorium, the pharynx, the taste-organs, the 

 salivary pump, the labial and maxillary glands, and the general structure 

 of the head. 



Study of a Thrips.jj — Pietro Buffa has made a study of Heliothrips 



hsemorrhoidalis, especially in its parthenogenetic phase All the forms 

 are parasitic and of similar habitat ; there is no larval moult ; there 

 is a close structural similarity between larvae and adults, e.g. in mouth- 

 parts ; there is a pro-nymph stage and a free nymph stage like the adult, 

 neither feeding ; there is a simple form of parthenogenesis. 



Study of Phryganea grandis.^f — C. Wesenberg-Lund has made a 

 study of the life of this caddis-fly. The female often goes down about 

 f m. below the surface to deposit her eggs. Till about September 1 the 

 larvae live on the bottom, principally feeding on Ghara, and making 



* Records Indian Museum, vi. (1911) p. 45. 



t Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, xxxv. (1910) pp. 666-76. 



X Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., xcvii. (1911) pp. 481-510 (2 pis. and 9 figs.). 



^ Arch. Zool. Exper., vii. (1911) pp. 643-74 (2 pis. and 8 figs.). 



11 Redia, vii. (1911) pp. 70-109 (3 pis.). 



1 Internat. Rev. Hydrobiol., iv. (1911) pp. 65-90 (2 pis.). 



