78 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



and each mule nucleus finds place by a female nucleus; the fertilized 

 tiscogonium becomes surrounded by byphse produced from the stalk-cell ; 

 two layers of hyphaa are ultimately formed round the developing fruit. 

 The ascogonium swells after fertilization, and produces ascogenous 

 hyphse, which arc binucleate ; these increase by conjugate division. In 

 the penultimate cell of the crooked ascogenous hypha the conjugate 

 pair — a male and a female — fuse ; the stalk and terminal cell of the 

 "crook" are uninucleate. The fused nucleus is the primary ascus 

 nucleus. By threefold division, eight spore-nuclei arc formed ; details 

 of spore-formation could not be followed on account of the smallness 

 of the nuclei. The mature asci are almost globose and contain eight 

 uninucleate spores ; the ascus membrane breaks down and all the spores 

 become free within the perithelium. The whole nuclear history corre- 

 sponds closely with that of Pyronema conflums. The genus Monascus 

 belongs to the Ascomycetes and to the family Aspergillacea\ 



Oak Mildew.* — P. Magnus publishes his views on this obscure 

 epidemic. He does not consider that the fungus has been introduced 

 from America, as American oaks in Europe are particularly free from 

 the disease. He thinks it is probably a form of Microsphsera Alui 

 which has passed to a new host and taken on great activity, but so far 

 forming onlv Oidia on the oak. 



Paul Vuillemin f finds' that the oak mildew which threatened the 

 existence of oak forests all over Europe has received a check. It has 

 itself been invaded by a fungal parasite, Gicinnobolus Cesatii, well known 

 as a parasite of Erysiphege. The form and dimensions of the parasite 

 correspond with the var. Euonymi, which was found on the Outturn of the 

 Japanese Euonymus. Vuillemin is confident that the Oidium scourge 

 will be largely if not completely checked by the Cicinnobolus. 



Oidium of Japanese Euonymus. J — M. E. Foex has followed the 

 development of this fungus which persists on the leaves of the host- 

 plant during the winter. During early winter there were only hypha? 

 present ; about the middle of January conidiophores were produced, but 

 a spell of cold weather prevented further formation of conidia, and 

 finally destroyed those already developed ; with warmer weather, growth 

 again began, and the fungus increased very rapidly. Foex noted 

 certain thickenings in the mycelium which he examined biologically and 

 chemically ; he thinks they are probably connected with the winter- 

 growth of the (>i<l i a hi. 



Fusarium nivale and Nectria graminicola.§ — G. Ihssen has fol- 

 lowed the development of these two forms of the same fungus. The 

 cereal can be infected by Fusarium from the soil, but usually the seed 

 itself contains the fungus, which can be easily detected in rye as 

 hypha 1 with chlamydospores under the outer seed-coat. Sometimes it 



* Vereinsschr. Ges. Luxemb. Naturfr., 1910, pp. 108-11. See also Bot. 

 Centralbl., oxiv. (1910) p. 385. 



t Comptes Rendus, cli. (1910) pp. 6G7-8. 



J Bull. Soc. Mycol., xxvi. (1910) pp. 322-6 (1 pi.). 



§ Centralbl. Bakt., xxvii. (1910) p. 48. See also Bot. Centralbl., cxiv. (1910) 

 pp. 517-18. 



