ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 195 



periods of sluggishness. The conditions conducive to yawning are a 

 slight increase in the temperature of the water, and, probably, the 

 accompanying diminution of oxygen. 



Pectoral Girdle and Fins of Teleosteans.* — K. Derjugin has studied 

 the structure and development of the pectoral girdle and tins in Lophius 

 piscatorius and other Teleosteans, and goes carefully into the difficult 

 questions involved, which are complicated by the fact that the secondary 

 ossified parts, which have no essential phylogenetic importance, tend to 

 disguise the mutual relations of the primary cartilaginous elements. 

 Two general summaries of results are given in the paper. 



Fisheries of New South Wales.f — David G. Stead gives an inter- 

 esting account of the fisheries of New South Wales, present and potential. 

 He deals with Fishes, Crustaceans, Molluscs, Cetaceans, Sponges, and 

 even seaweeds. He notes that there is reasonable prospect of a sponge 

 fishery being started. Some of the species of Euspongia and Hippo- 

 spongia make very good bath sponges. The uses of the " sea-grass," 

 Zostera, for packing, etc., and of " vegetable isinglass " (a species of 

 Gelidium) are commented on. 



Large Sun-fish. :{: — A. de Colomina gives a description of a large 

 specimen of Orthagoriscus oblong us Schneider, from the coast of Spain. 

 It was 2 m. long, and the height of the trunk was 1*15 m. 



Elimination by Leucocytes.§ — L. Spillman and L. Bruntz have 

 made numerous experiments with crayfish, snails, frogs, rabbits, and many 

 other animals, injecting coloured fluids such as amnion iacal carmine, 

 and tracing the process of elimination. They distinguish three phases 

 in the elimination : — (1) the fluids are fixed mechanically by some forms 

 of leucocytes (phase of fixation) ; (2) the leucocytes carry the fixed sub- 

 stances to open or closed excretory organs (phase of transport) ; and (3) 

 these organs, by a glandular process, get rid of the products fixed by the 

 leucocytes (phase of excretion). 



Fresh-water Microfauna of German East Africa. || — E. von Daday 

 continues and completes his report. He deals with some Hydrachnids, 

 and then gives lists of the microfauna in general from different localities. 

 It is shown that the fauna of small basins, temporary pools, marshes and 

 the like, is richer and more varied than that of large lakes. He makes 

 some interesting comparisons of the great lakes. Altogether the author 

 has dealt with 327 species, of which many are new. 



* Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., xcvi. (1910) pp. 572-653 (3 pis. and 8 figs.), 

 t A Brief Review of the Fisheries of N.S. Wales, present and potential. 8vo. 

 Sydney (1910) pp. 1-31 (17 pis.). 



J. Bol. Soc. Espail. Hist. Nat., x. (1910) pp. 453-6 (1 pi. and 1 fig.). 

 § Comptes Rendus, clii. (1911) pp. 154-6. 

 Zoologica, xxiii. (1910) pp. 241-314 (3 pis.). 



