206 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



Cystotaenise of South American Felidae.* — M. Liihe reports on three 

 tapeworms, Tsenia oligarthra Dies., which is nearly allied to T. echinococcus 

 von Siebold; T. macrocystis Dies., whose bladder-worm has been known 

 for long from Lepus brasiliensis ; and Tsenia omissa sp. n., which seems 

 to have been previously confused with T.crassicollis. 



Flesh-parasites of Food-fishes. f Edwin Linton has found Sporozoa 

 along the backbone of young alewives and herring ; Ichthyonema globiceps 

 in the flesh of a gar (Tylosaurus acus) ; Trematodes in the skin and 

 tins of tautog, cunner, flounders, and tomcod; Cestodes in the flesh of 

 gars, sand launce, and stickleback. The flesh of marine food-fishes is to 

 a very high degree free from parasites, but Cestode cysts sometimes 

 occur in great numbers in the common butterfish (Poronotus triacanthus) 

 and occasionally in its rarer relative the harvest-fish (Peprilus alepidotus). 



New Commensal Turhellarian.J — Edwin Linton describes Graffilla 

 gemillipara sp. n., a Rhabdocoel found abundantly in the ribbed mussel 

 {Modiolus plkatulus) at "Woods Hole. It rarely reaches 2 mm. in length 

 and has a white colour, often tinged with yellow or greenish-yellow along 

 the middle line. The mode of progression is peculiar, in a series of 

 irregular zig-zags, perhaps in adaptation to life within a host. If it 

 went straight on, it would be lost. Another noteworthy feature is that 

 all the larger specimens contained numerous ciliated embryos, which, as 

 a rule, lie together in twos inside a thin capsular envelope. AVhen the 

 reproductive powers of the parent are exhausted, the young escape 

 through the ruptured body-wall. 



Hermaphroditism in Nemerteans.§— G. du Plessis finds that Proso- 

 rochmus claparedi Keferstein ( = Monopora vivipara Salensky), a large, 

 brilliantly coloured viviparous Nemertean, with direct development, is 

 also interesting in being viviparous. The testes are very minute sacs 

 irregularly disposed between the intestinal sacs. It seems that Proso- 

 roehmus should be included in the genus Tetrastemma, beside T. marioni 

 and T. kefersteini, which are also hermaphrodite. All the Geonemerteans 

 are hermaphrodite. In the fresh-water Stichostemma eilhardi Mont., the 

 ovary includes a testicular element which divides into a small group of 

 sperms. 



Regeneration in Nemerteans.|| — Jozef Nusbaum and M. Oxner have 

 made some interesting observations on Linens ruber, which show that 

 the regenerative " rhythm " (or even the regenerative capacity) differs in 

 different parts of the body. Other things equal, it is a function of the 

 position. Another point clearly illustrated is that an excised piece is 

 distinctly different at its two ends. They have different regenerative 

 potencies, which may lie called polarities. 



* Zool. Jahrb., Supp. xii. (1910) Heft 3, Festschr. Prof. Max Braun, pp. G87- 

 710 (2 pis. and 8 figs.). 



t Bull. Bureau Fisheries, xxviii. (1908) pp. 1195-1209; Bureau of Fisheries 

 Document No. 714 (1910). 



% Journ. Exp. Zool., ix. (1910) pp. 371-84 (4 pis.). 



§ Rev. Suisse Zool., xviii. (1910) pp. 491-5. 

 Bull. Acad. Cracovie, 1910, pp. 439-47 (2 figs.). 



