ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 209 



Echinoderma. 



West Indian Echinoids.* — Th. Mortensen describes the exceedingly 

 beautiful long-spined Galocidaris micans (Mortensen), Tretocidaris 

 bartlefti (A. Agassiz), Arseosoma belli Mortensen, and a number of 

 other forms. A careful description is given of the beautiful blue lines 

 on Diadema antillarum Philippi. The difference between the European 

 and the North American Echinoid fauna seems to be very pronounced. 



Teeth and Buccal Structures in Conulus.f — H. L. Hawkins has 

 gone into the question of the presence or absence of teeth and jaws in 

 this Cretaceous sea-urchin. They were described by Edward Forbes in 

 1850, and denied by Duncan in 1884. Most subsequent workers have 

 regarded Conulus as toothless. The author examined numerous specimens- 

 of G. albogalerus aud found no trace of teeth, but in a series of G. sub- 

 rotundus in the British Museum he found a specimen with the peristome 

 enlarged by cutting and four glistening, enamel-like teeth projecting 

 towards the aperture. The facts then are that G. subrotundus had teeth, 

 of a type differing but little from those of Discoidea cylindrica, but the 

 remaining parts of the jaw apparatus were either uncalcified or too 

 delicate for preservation. But in Conulus albogalerus, developing along 

 a somewhat different line, the teeth have been lost, and only the pyramids 

 of the jaws retained, modified to form buccal teeth. 



West Indian Holothuroids.J — C. Ph. Sluiter reports on a collection 

 of twenty-six species from the West Indies. It includes a new species 

 of Stichopus, two of Gucumaria, and three of Thijone. The other 

 twenty are well-known forms, and there is little that is of interest as 

 regards distribution. It is noted, however, that Stichopus maculatus 

 Greeff, hitherto known only from the West African island of Rolas, has 

 been found at the Tortugas. 



Holothuroids from the Indian Ocean. § — Joseph Pearson reports on 

 a collection made by Jas. J. Simpson in the Kerimba Archipelago, 

 Portuguese East Africa. There are twenty-one species. One of these, 

 Gucumaria turbi/iata Hutton, is recorded for the third time. For 

 Golochirus violaceus Theel, Pearson establishes a new genus Pseudo- 

 colochirus, for the form in question does not possess any of the out- 

 standing features of Golochirus. The author also reports || on a collection 

 made in the Mergui Archipelago by Jas. J. Simpson and R. N. Rudmose- 

 Brown. It comprises fourteen species, of which the most interesting is 

 Thyone fastis, var. papuensis, for the species is distinctly northern in its 

 distribution, and occurs in the cold waters of N.W. Europe. 



Studies on Holothurians.1T — S. Becher deals with Leptosynapta 

 bergensis (Ostergren) and L. inhserens (0. F. Muller), especially as 

 regards their calcareous bodies, the sensory buds on the tentacles, the 



* Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., lxxiv. (1910) pp. 1-31 (16 pis.). 

 t Geol. Mag., viii. (1911) pp. 70-4 (1 pi.). 

 \ Zool Jahrb. (1910) Supp. xi., Heft 2, pp. 331-42 (6 figs.). 

 «} Proc. Zool. Soc, 1910, pp. 167-82 (5 figs.). 

 || Tom. cit., pp. 183-94 (4 figs.). 

 1 Zool. Jahrb., xxix. (1910) pp. 315-66 (5 pis. aud 2 figs.). 



