ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 239 



Ernesto Marchand * communicates a note on new attacks of Plasmo- 

 diophora Brassicse, the destructive parasite of plants belonging to the 

 Cruciferaj. Marchand has found it deforming and destroying the roots 

 of melons, parsley, etc. He remarks that the plants grown in forced 

 conditions suffer most from the parasite, the excessive humidity and 

 high temperature being favourable to its growth. 



A leaflet f has been issued by the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries 

 •dealing with a disease of strawberry leaves due to Sphserella Frag arise. 

 It causes brown spots on the leaves, the centre of each becoming greyish 

 white, and is seen to be studded first with the tufts of Ramularia, and 

 later with the perithecia of Sphserella. The leaves should be mown 

 after the fruit is gathered, and then burnt. This does not injure the 

 strawberry plants. 



Stoykowitch and Brocq-Rousseu % have studied the effect of fungi 

 on plums : they find a white deformation caused by Torula moulds ; a 

 red caused by Monilia, and others due to various moulds, such as 

 Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus. In the presence of these moulds 

 the sugars diminish, while nitrogen increases. 



G. Arnaud§ describes a fungus Trabutia quercina parasitic on oaks. It 

 was previously confined to Quercus Ilex, but is now found on Q. coccifera. 

 The perithecia grow on stromata on the under surface of the leaves ; 

 the pycnidial form was also found and described ; the mycelium develops 

 a crust under the cuticle from which suckers grow out between the cells 

 of the palisade tissue. 



J. Vanha || has studied the " leaf-rolling " disease of potatoes, one of 

 the chief causes of winch he finds is an Ascomycete Solanella rosea 

 g. et sp. n. The details given are somewhat incomplete. 



The scientific committee of the Royal Horticultural Society ^1 report 

 on bitter-rot of pears caused by the fungus Glwosporium fructigenum. 

 The disease begins as small rounded brown patches on the outside. 

 These may develop and give a bitter taste to the whole fruit. Diseased 

 fruits should be destroyed. 



T. Brooks ** has contributed a paper dealing generally with the 

 subject of plant-diseases. He points out how necessary it is to under- 

 stand the life-history of the fungus causing the disease in order to 

 control or to exterminate it, and he strongly advises the cultivation of 

 immune plants. He also touches on the question of diseases due to 

 bacteria — the first authenticated case was discovered by Burrill in 1878, 

 who found blight of pear trees was due to a species of Bacterium. Notes 

 are added on the different text-books of plant-diseases recently published. 



G. Lindau |f writes on the spread of parasitic fungi causing disease 



* La Viticultura Argentina, i. (1910) pp. 289-90. 



t Leaflet No. 243, 2 pp. (1 fig.). 



X Rev. Gen. Bot., xxii. (1910) pp. 70-9. See also Bot. Centralbl., cxvi. (1911) 

 p. 17. 



§ Ann. Nat. Agric. Montpellier, ser. 2, ix. (1910) pp. 278-87 (1 pi.). See also 

 Bot. Centralbl., cxvi. (1911) pp. 14-15. 



|| Monatsh. Landwirtschaft, iii. (1910) p. 268. See also Bot. Centralbl., cxvi. 

 <1911) pp. 18-19. f Journ. Rov. Hort. Soc, xxxv. (1910) p. ccxxxi. 



** New Phytologist, ix. (1910) pp. 374-9. 



+t Nat.-wiss. YYocbenscnr., xl. (1910) pp. 625-9. See also Hedwigia, 1. (1910) 

 Beibl., pp. 161-2. ' V ' 



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