ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 349 



comes into direct connexion with a bundle of tendon-fibrils, and each 

 myofibril is connected witli a tendon-fibril. 



Tracheal Epithelium in Domestic Mammals.* — W. J. Loginoff 

 points out that the structural peculiarities of the ciliated cells in the 

 trachea of various mammals, e.g. horse, ox, sheep, are so characteristic 

 that it is not particularly difficult to tell from a preparation what animal 

 it came from. He gives an account of those peculiarities. Attention 

 is also directed to the occurrence (in horse, ox, and dog) of mucus cells 

 branched at the proximal end. 



Structure of Spleen Capillaries. f — S. Mollier gives a detailed 

 account of the venous capillaries in the spleen, and adds a general dis- 

 cussion of the problems involved. The spleen is a differentiation of 

 primary mesenchyme. The capillaries arise from an arrangement and 

 differentiation of these primary mesenchyme-cells, and this seems to be 

 a general fact for other vessels. The reticular character of the capillary 

 wall is probably adaptive in connexion with the circulation. If from the 

 mesenchyme cellular reticulum there be derived endothelium, blood-cells, 

 and supporting tissue, it should be recognized that the endothelium 

 retains, by its power of again forming indifferent reticulum, the old 

 developmental value of its parent-tissue which gave rise to mesenchyme. 

 The same may be said for the supporting tissue and blood-cells. 



New kind of Cell in Brunner's Glands.:}: — Albert Oppel has found 

 a second kind of glandular cell in Brunner's glands in man. They con- 

 tain large regularly arranged granules, and are something like Paneth's 

 cells in Lieberkuhn's glands. They are quite specific glandular cells, 

 probably secreting a digestive ferment. 



Mitochondria of Adipose Cells. §— G. Dubreuil calls attention to 

 the remarkable chondriome in adipose cells, and describes the changes 

 in the chrondriome in the course of the transformation from fixed con- 

 nective-tissue cells to fat cells. 



Origin of Granules in Gland Cells. || — Oskar Schultze maintains 

 that a filar structure in gland cells is of very widespread occurrence, and 

 that as a general rule the glandular granules arise from plasmosomes 

 which appear from within the filar mass (chondriokonts). 



Mitotic Figures in Isolated Tissues.1T — J. Jolly discusses the mitotic 

 figures in isolated marrow and the like. Some represent -cells killed in 

 the act of dividing, at variable intervals after the death of the body. 

 Others represent cells which had begun to divide, and are slowly con- 

 tinuing to do so, or are aborting. Others, again — a less important 

 category — represent true divisions in the isolated tissue. Careful criticism 

 is imperative in every case before it can be inferred that the presence of 

 mitotic figures is a proof of genuine growth. 



* Anat. Anzeig., xxxviii. (1911) pp. 353-61 (1 pi.), 

 t Arch. Mikr. Anat., lxxvii. (1911) pp. 608-57 (1 pi. and 42 figs.). 

 % Op. cit., lxxvi. (1911) pp. 525-42 (1 pi.). 

 § C.R Soc. Biol. Paris, lxx. (1911) pp. 48-50. 

 || Anat. Anzeig, xxxviii. (1911) pp. 257-65 (2 pis.). 

 i C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, lxix. (1910) pp. 608-10 (2 figa.).j j 



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