ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 489 



probably pendulous twigs — found in the Halifax Hard Bed of the Lower 

 Coal Measures. The leaves have a concentric vascular bundle containing 

 four to five small tracheitis surrounded by thin-walled elongated cells, 

 and by an external black sheath of nielasmatic tissue. The palisade 

 tissue contains large intercellular spaces. The epidermis is thinner on 

 the concave side of the leaf, and here also are placed the stomata. In 

 G. grandis and G. equisetiformis the leaves are of a xeromorphic type, 

 having a conspicuous strand of sclerenchymatous fibres running up to 

 the apex on the adaxial side of the leaf. 



Calamostachys Ludwigii.* — A. Renier gives a careful description 

 of some impressions of Calamostachys Ludwigii found in the Westphalian 

 near Liege, in Belgium, including not only a study of the morphology 

 of the spike, but also an idea of the habit of the spike-bearing branch. 

 G. Ludwigii, like G. Zeilleri, is distinguished from the other species of 

 the genus by having the sterile bracts free from the axis ; but differs 

 from C. Zeilleri in having but twelve to sixteen bracts in a verticil, as 

 against twenty-eight in G. Zeilleri. G. Ludwigii of Carruthers exhibits 

 certain variations, and is synonymous with G.typica of Schimper in con- 

 nexion with Asterophyllum lonyifolius of Sternberg, with which it is 

 constantly associated. 



Calamites undulatus.f — W. Jongmans publishes his views about 

 Calamites undulatus Sternb. He criticizes the classification originated 

 by Weiss, and generally accepted, that the genus Calamites is divisible 

 into three groups according to the position of the branch-scars: — 

 1. Eucalamites, with branch-scars at every joint. 2. Calamitina, with 

 branch-scars not on every joint, but on joints at regular short intervals. 

 :>. Stylocalamites, branch-scars without order. He disagrees with this 

 division, and describes several instances which fail to conform to the 

 rule. These examples exactly correspond with Calamites undulatus in 

 form and arrangement of the ribs, but differ altogether in the dis- 

 tribution of their branch-scars. He finds some to be of the Calamitina, 

 some of the Eucalamites type, and some to have the characters of both 

 groups. He believes that Weiss's division into three groups is wrong 

 rather than that plants so similar in all their other characters should 

 have to be placed in different groups. It is necessary to revise the 

 genus Calamites on other grounds, such as the form and arrangement of 

 the ribs. 



Schizaeopsis expansa, a Fossil Fern.! — E. W. Berry gives a descrip- 

 tion of Schizseopsis expansa, a Lower Cretaceous species of Schizaeaceaj 

 from Eastern Xorth America, which was formerly referred by Fontaine 

 to the Ginkgoales under the names Baieropsis expansa and B. macrophylla. 

 Berry shows that the genus Baieropsis belongs to the Filicales and not to 

 the Ginkgoales ; and that the name Baieropsis is not available for use. 

 Some of the forms heretofore referred to Baieropsis have a Schizasaceous 

 fructification ; others belong to Acrostichopteris. The frond characters 

 of the fossil S. expansa agree with those of certain modern species of 

 Schizsea. 



* Comptes Rendus, clii. (1911) pp. 1067-9. 



+ Meddel. van 's Rijks Herbarium, 1910. Leiden : 1911, pp. 43-59 (figs.). 



X Annals of Botany, xxv. (1911) pp. 193-8 (1 pi.). 



