ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 663 



regards the statement by Saville Kent that E. viridis was capable of 

 producing a red colour by ingesting particles of carmine in solution, the 

 author cannot make it apply to the species here described. He gives in 

 detail all the points of difference between this new species, E. rubra, 

 and E. viridis, which was also found in the neighbourhood in great 

 quantity. 



Myxonema in Salmon Disease.* — A. D. Hardy publishes a short 

 account of the association of alga and fungus in salmon disease. He 

 had previously recorded the presence of Myxonema tenue on fish at 

 Melbourne, and now he finds the same alga associated with a member of 

 the Saprolegniaceaj growing on diseased young salmon in the ponds at 

 Kew, Melbourne. The presence of Myxonema appears to depend on the 

 preceding growth of the fungus, in the mycelium of which zoospores of 

 the alga may be enmeshed. In the Yarra River M. tenue occurs as long 

 streamers in the current, attached to willow, etc. The plants on the 

 fish in the ponds were small but vigorous, and rich in colour, some of 

 them actively producing zoospores. The note ends with a list of thirty- 

 three algte either new for Victoria or interesting in connexion with the 

 fish question. 



Life-history of Anabaina Cycadeae.t — E. R. Spratt has made a 

 study of the life-history of Anabsena Cycadese, which lives in the 

 modified roots of Cycas. The region occupied by the alga is an inter- 

 cellular space, in the form of a zone between the cortical cells, just 

 below the epidermis. Bottomley has shown that this space always 

 contains living in it two kinds of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Pseudomonas 

 radicicola and Azotobacter, in addition to the Anabsena. The life-history 

 of the alga is therefore of special interest. The author summarizes her 

 results as follows. 1. Anabsena Cycadese is a typical Anabsena. 2. Each 

 mature cell has two investments, an inner and outer, in addition to the 

 external mucilaginous sheath. 3. The chlorophyll and phycocyanin are 

 lodged in the peripheral cytoplasm, no definitely organized chromato- 

 phore being present. 4. The ventral body is a simple structure only 

 capable of direct division. 5. The chief product of assimilation is 

 glycogen. 6. Cyanophycin granules are very abundant. 7. In the 

 vegetative division the ingrowth of the lateral walls is accompanied by 

 direct division. 8. Terminal and intercalary heterocysts are formed 

 from vegetative cells. They may become detached, and appear to have 

 three functions : (a) to limit the filaments— vegetative reproduction ; 

 (b) for storage of reserve food material ; (c) reproduction by formation 

 of gonidia. 9. Spores are formed. The exospore and endospore are 

 the fully developed cell-sheath and inner investment respectively. 

 10. There are four types of spore germination : (a) the contents are 

 protruded through a pore in the spore membrane ; (b) the spore mem- 

 brane is ruptured ; (c) the spore membrane becomes mucilaginous ; 

 (d) the contents divide before escaping from the spore wall. 1 1 . Gonidia 

 are formed by the rejuvenescence and subsequent division of the con- 

 tents of the heterocysts. A distinct membrane appears inside the walls 



* Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, xxiii. (1910) pp. 27-32. 

 t Ann. of Bot., xxv. (1911) pp. 309-80 (1 pi.). 



