ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 623 



not having a metastoma, chelate antennae, and swimming cephalic 

 appendages ; and in having a broad fan-shaped caudal fin, and branchial 

 appendages more or less unlike the lamellar branches of the Eurypterida 

 and Xiphosura, 



Pentastomes in Australian Cattle.*— T. Harvey Johnston and 

 J. Burton Cleland found in the mesenteric glands of cattle suffering 

 from endemic haematuria a few small parasites, which they recognized as 

 larval Pentastomes (Pmtastomum denticulatum Rud.), the adults being 

 known as Linguatula serrata Frol. The larvae have been recorded from 

 many Mammals, mostly herbivores ; the adults infest the nasal cavities 

 and frontal sinuses of other Mammals, mostly carnivores. 



f - Crustacea. 



Behaviour of Prawns. t — F. Doflein has studied Leander xiphias and 

 L. treiUanus, two common prawns on the Riviera coast. He deals first 

 of all with the various kinds of chromatophores and pigments, and with 

 the post-mortem change into red, which is rather more complicated than 

 is usually supposed. There is a solution of the blue pigment which 

 changes into red, and there is also a change in the yellow and the red 

 pigments. The red pigment is, however, the primary one, and the others 

 are derivatives of it. A careful account is given of the colour-changes 

 that may be observed during life. The author gives an interesting account 

 of the various attitudes assumed by the prawns when resting, wlien ex- 

 cited, when eating, when cleaning themselves, and so on, and of their 

 reactions to various kinds of stimuli. 



Olfactory Structures in Gralatheids.J— Kurt Marcus has studied these 

 in various types, e.g. Uroptychus, Muni/In, and Petrolisthes, and shows 

 the various arrangements for protection, and the like. He finds evidence 

 that in abyssal forms, where the eyes are degenerate, there is a com- 

 pensatory high development of olfactory seta?. In other cases the high 

 development is shown to be probably adaptive, and where the conditions 

 of life mechanically endanger the smelling organ, there is a more or less 

 complex protective apparatus. 



Classification of Rock Lobsters. § — A. Gravel has tried to introduce 

 greater order into the classification of Palinuridse, which include six 

 genera — Puerulus Ort., Pallinurellus v. Mart., Jasus Parker. Pali minis 

 Fabric, Linuparus Gray, and Panulirus White. 



Anatomical and Experimental Study of Asellus aquaticus. || 

 W. Wege has made a minute study of the joints of the second antenna, 

 the innervation, the indirect insertion of the muscle by an epithelial 

 tendon, the ecdysis, the autotoniv. and the regeneration. Theautotomy 

 may be either reflex or voluntary. It is adaptive, and there is a definite 

 breakage-line between the fourth and fifth joint. The ecdyses do not 

 end with sexual maturity, but probably continue throughout life, though 



* Journ. R. Soc. N.S. Wales, xliv. ( L910) pp. S^-IS.*^ 



t Festschrift R. Hertwig, iii. (1910) pp. 215-92 (4 pis. and 16 figs.). 



X Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., xcvii. (1911) pp. 511-45 (2 pis. and 18 figs.). 



§ Comptes Rendus, clii. (1911) pp. 1350-2. 



|| Zool. Jahrb., xxx. (1911) pp. 21G-320 (2 pis. and 33 figs.). 



2 s ■_' 



