626 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



plasmic reductions. The first is represented by the expulsion of the 

 cytophore which forms the " intermediate corpuscles." The second is 

 represented by the protoplasmic lobes which are detached to form residual 

 bodies. According to the author, cytoplasmic reduction is a general 

 phenonemon in spermatogenesis. 



Worm-nests in Australian Cattle.* — J. B. Cleland and T. H. John- 

 ston describe projections or nodules in the skin of Australian cattle, 

 known as " worm-nests " or " stone-bruises." They contain Filaria 

 {Onchocerca) gibsoni Cleland and Johnston, but do not seem to be of 

 much practical importance. 



In another paper,f the authors describe the structure of the parasite, 

 which also occurs in camels, and discuss the possible modes of trans- 

 mission. They discuss the possibility that some mosquito, biting fly, or 

 tick is the intermediate host, but favour another theory, that the life- 

 history is similar to that of the guinea-worm in man, the intermediate 

 host being some species of Cyclops or other fresh-water Crustacean. 



New Species of Echinorhynchus.J — Gr. Blanc and L. Cauchemez 

 describe Echinorhync/ms brumpti sp. n. from the hedgehog, from which 

 already three species, unsatisfactorily known, have been recorded, namely, 

 E. major Bremser, E. amphipachus Westruml), and E. erinacei Rudolphi. 



Platyhe lminth.es. 



Alleged Toxicity of Tapeworms.§ — Guido Gruerrini has made a large 

 number of inoculations of nucleo-proteid extracted from Taenia solium, 

 T. serrata, and Dipylidiwn caninum, into various parts of dogs, guinea- 

 pigs, and rabbits, and has found no evidence of toxic action, nor any 

 specific deleterious influence. 



Structure of Monopylidium passerinum.|| — T. Harvey Johnston 

 gives an account of this small tapeworm, which Fuhrmann described 

 from the common sparrow and Fringilla rvficeps. He deals with the 

 musculature, the excretory system, and the reproductive organs. 



Regeneration in Planarians.1T — P. Steinmann has made numerous 

 experiments, with Planar ia go/wcephala in particular. The size of a 

 regenerate is determined neither by the amount of injury, nor by the 

 organs cut off, nor by the parts directly adjoining the wound, but by 

 the whole of the regenerating organism. 



A cut down to the middle of the pharynx results in a two-headed 

 Planarian. In place of one of the heads excised a tail grows. The 

 nature of the regenerate, whether head or tail, depends neither on the 

 nature of the section-margin, nor on the nature of the adjacent tissues, 

 but on the regenerating organism as a whole. Distant parts of the 

 regenerating organism have an organizing influence on the regenerate. 



* Journ. R. Soc. N.S. Wales, xliv. (1910) pp. 161-71. 



+ Journ. R. Soc. N.S. Wales, xliv. (1910) pp. 171-89 (1 pi.). 



I C.R. Soc. Biol., lxxi. (1911) p. 120 (1 fig.). 



§ Oentralbl. Bakt. Parasitenk,, lvii. (1911) pp. 548-66. 



! Journ. and Proc. R. Soc. N.S. Wales, xliii. (1910) pp. 405-11 (1 pi.). 



H Festschrift R. Hertvvig, iii. (1910) pp. 29-54 (15 figs.). 



