ZOOLOGY VXD BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 747 



sp. 11., Stoloteuthis iris sp. n., with relatively enormous sub-circular tins. 

 Cranchia (Liocranchia) globula sp. n., with a very rotund body, and three 

 other new species. 



y. Gastropoda. 



Mantle-cavity and Pallial Organs of 3ulleidse.* — Remy Perrier 

 and Henri Fischer have made a study of the general and minute struc- 

 ture of the mantle and its associated organs in various Tecti branch 

 Gastropods — Acteon tomatilis, Aplustrum amplusfre, Scaphander lig- 

 narius, S. puncto-striatus, Acera bullata, and A. soluta. They discuss 

 also the affinities of Aplustrum and of Acera, and the adaptive characters 

 in the latter. 



Alimentary Canal of Helix pomatia.t — J. Spiro has studied the 

 minute structure of the epithelium in particular. It consists of cylin- 

 drical and calyciform cells. The granulations and fat-globules found 

 in the cylindrical cells in summer are absent in winter. During hiber- 

 nation the nuclei of the cylindrical cells become poorer in chromatin. 

 All the cylindrical cells bear cilia, but these are lost during hibernation. 

 The calyciform cells secrete an inactive mucus during digestion ; it 

 ce.ises when hibernation sets in. The calyciform cells and the rest of 

 the epithelial lining degenerate in spring, and are re-formed from newly 

 regenerated cylindrical cells. 



Damage to Plaice-fishing by Whelks.:): — C. G. Joh. Petersen dis- 

 cusses the damage done to the plaice fishing in the Limf jord by the large 

 numbers of Buccinum undatum and Nassa reticulata, which devour the 

 plaice when these are caught in the gill nets and sunk to the bottom. 

 It does not seem possible to suggest any remedy that would pay, but it 

 might be well to try more frequent lifting of the nets. 



Arthropoda. 

 a. Insecta. 



Studies on Injurious Insects. — Antonio Berlese gives an account 

 of the measures taken to cope with the olive-fly. 



Minute Structure of Cuticle in Insects. || — Serge Kapzov has studied 

 this in larvae of Dytiscus and other beetles, in silkworms and mealworms, 

 in may-fly larva?, and so on. However complex the cuticle may be, it 

 consists of a coherent meshwork of looser and denser portions. The 

 structure of this meshwork is partly determined by pressures and strains 

 operative during the formatiou of the cuticle, and partly by variability 

 in the secretory activity of the epidermic cells, which again may be per- 

 haps affected by mechanical conditions. The diverse disposition of the 

 framework is correlated with the varied direction of strains and pressures. 

 Chitiu is never a plasmic differentiation ; it is rather to be compared to 

 coagulating substances and to cellulose. 



* Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.) xiv. (1911) pp. 1-189 (9 pis. and 26 figs.). 



f Rev. Suisse Zool., xix. (1911) pp. 275-302 (1 pi.). 



X Rep. Danish Biol. Stat., xix. (1911) pp. 1-20 (9 figs.). 



§ Redia, vii. (1911) pp. 111-55. 



|| Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., xcviii. (1911) pp. 297-337 (3 pis. and 3 figs.). 



