/OOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 081 



ing often a quarter to half the whole surface. This is the only species 

 of the genus with septate spores. 



(i. Pethybridge * has published a second report on the diseases that 

 affect potatoes in West Ireland. He gives the results of experiments in 

 spraying the plants with Bordeaux mixture to destroy the blight caused 

 by Phytophthora infestans. He recommends early spraying. The ques- 

 tion of infection is discussed and the theory of dormant mycelium in the 

 tubers is not considered tenable, as in no case was it found that hyphae 

 passed up the stalks to the leaves. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a stalk 

 disease, works great havoc among the potatoes. It is probably a wound 

 fungus and infection takes place from aerial spores and not from the 

 soilT Fungicides were not found to be very effective. Besides Sclerotinia 

 the plants are often attacked by Botryti* : the black sclerotia of this 

 fungus arise on the surface of the stalk. Careful weeding and the 

 securing of dry conditions are recommended. A bacterial disease is 

 next described ; it causes rot in potatoes and also in swedes, carrots, and 

 parsnips. Infection probably takes place from the soil. Diseases due 

 to Spongospora suhterranea and to Hypochnus Solani are also described ; 

 results of experiments are given, and remedies dealt with. The paper is 

 well illustrated by figures reproduced from photographs. 



A species of Nummular ia {N. discreta) f was found on the fallen 

 branch of an apple-tree at Sandsend, near Whitby, Yorkshire. It is 

 usually saprophytic, but may be a wound parasite, and has been destruc- 

 tive to apple-trees in the United States. It is now recorded for the first 

 time in this country. The first indication of disease is a brown and 

 more or less sunken appearance of the bark, in patches which are usually 

 scattered over a considerable area. Eventually the patches become dry 

 and cracked, and the fruits of the fungus appear on the wood. 



Mycorhiza of Gastrodia.J — S. Kusano publishes a preliminary note 

 on this subject. Gastrodia has a much reduced vegetative organ, being 

 represented simply by a tuberous rhizome. It forms mycorhiza with 

 the rhizomorph of Armillaria mellea, the fungus penetrating by a 

 sucker-like branch of the rhizomorph strand. The tuber is so far 

 dependent on the mycorhiza that unless it is present the offsets pro- 

 duced tend to become small. In some cases, however, the fungus 

 penetrates deeper into the tuber and injures it. 



Bainier, G., & A. Sartory — Etude d'une espece nouvelle de Sterigmatocystis 



(Study of Sterigmatocystis flavipes.) 

 [Cultural studies were made.] 



Bull. Soc. Mycol. France, xxvii. 

 (1911) pp. 90-7 (1 pi.). 



,, ,, Etude de Aspergillus cinerescens sp.n. (Study 



of Aspergillus cinerescens.) 



[Cultures were made and results noted.] 

 Bull. Soc. Mycol. France, xxvii. 

 (1911) pp. 98-104 (1 pi.). 



Bergamesco, G. — Specie dei generi Amanita Pers. ed Amanitopsis Roz. cue 

 crescono nel Bosco dei Camaldoli, presso Napoli. (Species of the genera Ama- 

 nita and Amanitopsis that grow in the forest of the Camaldoli, near Naples.) 

 [List of species observed.] Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital., 1911, pp. 13-16. 



* Journ. Dept. Agric. Tech. Instr. Ireland, xi. 3, 34 pp. (14 figs.). 

 t Journ. Board Agric, xviii. (1911) pp. 314-15 (1 pi.). 

 X Ann. of Bot., xxv. (1911) pp. 521-2. 



