NO. 2 (1920) OUTRIGGER CANOES OF INDONESIA 99 



The rig is equally curious with the other features ; the mast, 

 a slender pole, is stepped aft at the fore side of the centre of the 

 aft boom-thwart ; it inclines slightly forwards and carries a long 

 triangular sail, laced to a bamboo pole on each long side. The 

 apex where the two poles meet, is secured right in the bows. 

 The resemblance to the sails of the New Guinea latakoi is marked. 



EAST JAVA. 



By far the finest of outrigger coasting craft in the Dutch Indies 

 are to be seen in the harbours of this region. These boats are fast 

 disappearing; comparatively few exist and it is only at small 

 oldworld ports such as Grisee, near Sourabaya in East Java, that 

 they may occasionally be found. Two varieties are seen ; the larger 

 and rarer have a hull similar to that of the small bifid-prowed 

 coasters and passenger praus that ply in crowds out of every 

 harbour in East Java and Madura with bow obliquely truncate and 

 gaudily painted on the flat foreside; the smaller have a plain hull 

 with sharp bow and stern modelled upon the design of the ordinary 

 fishing boat of the district (PL XV, fig. XXVII). 



The larger of these outrigger coasters (PI. XV, fig. XXVIII), shares 

 with the tripod-masted prau of Macassar the distinction of being 

 one of the two most distinctive and interesting craft in Indonesia. 

 The former is clearly the immediate predecessor of the ordinary 

 Javanese small coaster, the main change being the elimination of 

 the outrigger. The hulls of both boats are carvel built, with 

 numerous cross beams which pass through the planking to the 

 outside, where the ends project about an inch and are picked out 

 in black or other dark colour upon the lighter ground tint of the 

 planking. The keel, instead of passing at each end into the stem 

 and stern posts, is carried in a gentle upward curve forward and aft 

 as the case may be, to end in a blunt ram-like projection just sub- 

 merged when the boat is fully laden. The true stem is truncate 

 somewhat as in Chinese sampans and like them is gaudily painted 

 (PL XVI, fig. XXIX); no special convention controls the designs; 

 many bespeak considerable decorative skill obviously influenced in 

 numerous cases by European contact, as shown by the frequent 

 employment of flags and national emblems. Ornamental scrolls 

 symmetrically disposed, with conventional floral designs predomi- 

 nate. The form and general decoration of the stern agree gene- 

 rally with the bow but it is less prominent and high. A powerful 

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