9 g MADRAS FISHERIES BULLETIN VOL. XII, 



It is interesting to note that the ordinary type of small trader 

 used on the Bali coasts is that of plank-built boats without out- 

 riggers, of the same general design but of much greater relative 

 beam than the Bali type of outrigger canoe. It is clear that these 

 have been evolved directly from the latter, increase in beam 

 giving sufficient stability without recourse to the use of a clumsy 



outrigger. 



MADURA. 



What may justly be called the Madura type of double outrigger 

 is used in large numbers by the fishermen of Madura. It is one 

 of the strangest and most fantastic looking craft in the world, 

 so strange as to be grotesque. In varying extremely from more 

 ordinary and regular forms, it seems to occupy much the same 

 position to them as did the fantastic ammonities of the chalk to 

 their more staid predecessors. 



The hulls of these canoes are dugouts with high and quaintly 

 shaped blade-like bow and stern (PI. XIV, fig. XXVI); a deep wash 

 strake is added and several small pieces go to form the curious 

 ends. The aft boom is in five pieces, a median stout cylindrical 

 bar laid transverse across the hull, a broad wingshaped upwardly 

 turned primary joint on each side and a downwardly curved 

 secondary joint fitting into the primary at one end and into the 

 float on the other. The details are shown in the figure. The 

 median part projects but little beyond the gunwale on each side ; 

 the wing-like primary joint fits into it by its lower end, whittled 

 down enough to enter the hole bored in the end of the cross-piece. 

 Similarly the secondary is inserted by a peg-like extremity into 

 the primary at a point midway along its outer edge ; from here it 

 curves downwards and outwards to be pegged into the float. 



The fore boom is without the wing-like joint; the single joint 

 present is a weak reversed curve ; one extremity is inserted in the 

 end of the median cross bar, all that remains of the boom proper, 

 the other, bent up slightly, is lashed to the upper side of the float. 

 The whole design is made up of a medley of curves, the float 

 itself being bent in a deep curve, the concavity upwards. The 

 floats are long bamboos, strongly curved upwards at the fore 

 ends. 



The great wing-joint of the aft boom is usually richly orna- 

 mented with carved designs — the one piece of decoration attempted 

 A quarter rudder is used, hung from the usual crutch arm. 



