9^ MADRAS FISHERIES BULLETIN VOL. Xll, 



The rig is similar to that of the passenger and cargo 

 sampans of Sourabaya — a very short mast ending in a short peg, 

 carries a triangular sail, apex downwards ; the sail is hung from 

 the peg by means of a loop of rope attached to the sailyard. All 

 steer by means of a quarter rudder hung by a grommet from the 

 lower horn of a Y-shaped crutch near the stern. This type of 

 outrigger is derived without doubt directly from that in which 

 each boom is formed from a pole having a curved branch on one 

 side, the lower, as described on page 90. Such branches are 

 difficult to procure of suitable size and strength in the requisite 

 number — four of identical size for each equipment. 



Outrigger canoes of similar design are met with in Lombok 

 and in S.-E. Java (Banjuwangi). 



A second type of double outrigger in which the ends of the 

 booms are lashed directly to the float is also seen in Bali. It is 

 employed generally for canoes of smaller size than those using the 

 Bali design of spliced secondary, and is much less numerous. The 

 design is all but identical with one of those common at Macassar. 

 The hull is a simple slabsided dugout with the two ends sharp 

 and similar. The booms are bamboo poles of considerable length. 

 To secure them in position at a proper height, a thick thwart is 

 laid across the gunwales; in the upper surface a groove is 

 cut and in this the outrigger pole is laid and lashed in the usual 

 manner. The outer ends of the booms are lashed to the outrigger 

 bamboo directly; no special device is used. The only interesting- 

 feature is the employment of a carved ornamental piece, added at 

 each end of the canoe; the design is floral, akin to the exuberant 

 floral sculptures used in the decoration of the flamboyant temple 

 gateways so characteristic of this island. A Y-shaped crutch 

 is used to suspend the single quarter rudder used by these canoes. 

 A sprit-sail rig is usually adopted ; a light boom extends the 

 lower edge of the sail. 



A third kind seen in Bali is rare and of very small size, 14 feet 

 in length in the one measured at Buleleng. In some ways it is the 

 most interesting as it is one of those exceptional designs where 

 the attachment to the float of the fore boom differs from that of 

 the aft one (PI. XIII, fig. XXIV). The only other of such herma- 

 phrodite type are the Minahasa one and a related design seen 

 in Mindanao in the Philippines (PI. V, fig. IX). Both agree in 

 having the fore boom lashed directly to the float but in the Bali 



