94 M \DRAS FISHERIES BULLETIN VOL. XII, 



Smaller outrigger canoes are also seen of the Bali type, with 

 spliced-on secondaries; they differ only in details (PI. XII, fig. 

 XXII). The hulls are dugouts with a narrow washstrake added, 

 except forward of the fore boom. No added pieces are used at the 

 stem and stern ; each has a long blunt overhang carved from the 

 original Iom'. The booms rest upon stout blockshaped thwarts 

 lying across the gunwales, and are secured to an inner thwart by 

 two loop lashings as in the Lombok type. These canoes are 

 largely employed in seining. 



Alongside of these two forms of outriggers are many dugouts 

 without this device. They are elegant in their form and lines; 

 the stem is sharp and clipper-shaped, with the addition of a pecu- 

 liar forwardly-directed heel, which may be compared with the bifid 

 bow of the Madura and East Java ' sampans. ' Right forward 

 is an asymmetrical crutch ; sometimes this is carved, the straight 

 limb turned while the curved one sometimes has the terminal knob 

 carved into the conventional representation of a bird's head. At 

 the stern are a pair of curved elbows to carry the quarter rudder, 

 used even in these small dugouts. When hauled up, a neatly 

 made wooden rest is used to raise the hulls off the ground. 



BALI. 



This island, the last refuge of Hinduism in the archipelago, 

 has a very distinctive design of outrigger in general use. This 

 may be termed the Bali type (PI. XII, fig. XXIII). The hull and rig 

 may vary, but the essential points of the outrigger frame-work 

 remain the same in all. These consist of the boom secondaries, 

 lightly curved joints, spliced to the ends of straight booms at 

 the inner ends, and inserted at their outer ones into holes bored 

 obliquely through bamboo floats. The splice is a strong one, 

 secured both by ample lashings and by a stout vertical peg, 

 rarely by two, passing through the outer end of the splice. To 

 prevent the floats working free from the ends of the joint pieces, a 

 strong cord, secured at one end to the upper projecting end of the 

 splice peg, passes along the side of the joint to be carried round 

 the float and lashed firmly at the point of insertion of the 

 pointed end of the joint. Figure 53 shows these details clearly. 

 The booms are two in number, very stout and placed widely 

 apart, the aft one very near the stern. In a medium-sized canoe, a 

 dugout measured at Buleleng in Bali, the dimensions were : —length 



