No. 2 (1920) OUTRIGGER CANOES OF INDONESIA 93 



cylindrical poles of light wood ; in the centre, where they cross the 

 canoe, they are secured in position in the manner so common in 

 Indonesia, by long lashings to a thwart in the bottom of the boat, 

 jammed beneath two lateral chocks left when hewing out the hull. 

 To further strengthen this part, a batten extending outboard a 

 short distance on each side is laid upon and parallel with the boom 

 and seized thereto at each end (Fig. 52). Each of the floats is 

 circular in section, of light wood ; the anterior end is curved 

 upwards slightly, and the top surface sliced away. 



One of these canoes was found to be 24 feet in length, and of 

 40 inches beam (to outside of gunwale) ; each float was placed 12 

 feet outboard, and its length was 19 feet. The length of the outer 

 limb of the secondaries was 32 inches from the lashing" near the 

 outer end of the boom to the extremity where it was connected to 

 the upper surface of the float. Sometimes these canoes run even 



Fig. 52. — Method of lashing the boom within the hull of the dugout in Lombok 



outrigger canoes. 



larger; one seen but not measured possessed a small poop after 

 the Macassar prau pattern ; this was in use as a small coaster. The 

 hull has one or several strakes added to increase the freeboard of 

 the dugout base, and both ends are sharp ; the stem is curved 

 slightly forward, giving a moderate clipper bow — an unusual 

 feature. Aft are one or several crutches ; tiie pattern and 

 arrangement vary, in some there is one principal and median, 

 carved neatly, in others three unornamented forked sticks are 

 employed. A single quarter-rudder is used, hung from a peg 

 inserted in an outwardly curving post rising from one end of 

 a strong thwart that passes outboard nearly a foot on each side. 

 A second curved post symmetric with the first is placed on the 

 opposite side. A rudder notch worn smooth by constant use is cut 

 in the fore edge of the outboard portion of the thwart to take 

 the axis of the quarter rudder. Usually the rudder is hung 

 to starboard ; in one case only was it on the port quarter. A pole 

 mast is used, kept set up and fitted with permanent stays. 



