80 MADRAS FISHERIES BULLETIN VOL. XII, 



Everywhere the East Indonesian type is found ; it is the one 

 employed tor weight carrying. Side by side with it exist several 

 other types, usually with definite utilities. In the north these 

 consist of the highly specialized Minahasa fishing canoe and a 

 ferry type with floats directly lashed to the booms. In the south, 

 the latter is also found, together with a second and very distinct 

 variety of the same type. In addition there are very peculiar and 

 strictly localized types in certain of the small islands. Single 

 outriggers are also occasionally met with in the south, never in 

 the north ; they seem a recent modification evolved for greater 

 handiness in harbour use. 



Minahasa. — This is the most easterly district in the long narrow 

 peninsula that stretches east and north towards the Philippines, 

 with which it seems formerly to have linked by way of the Sangir 

 Islands. The Minahasa is a wonderfully fertile region peopled 

 by an enterprising race ; head hunters and animists two or three 

 generations ago, they have adopted in a suitably modified form 

 many European manners and customs and now form a prosperous 

 and self-respecting Christianized community. In fishing and boat 

 designs little or no change has taken place, partly because coast 

 work is principally in the hands of men of rather different ethnic 

 origin, and partly because the craft in use are admirably fitted to 

 local conditions and to the unambitions nature of their fishing 

 pursuits. 



FlG. 41. — Simple form of outrigger with direct attachment ; seen in section. 



Menado, N. Celebes. 



At Menado, the principal port, the three different types of 

 outrigger in use on the Minahasa coast are seen in considerable 

 numbers. The simplest is used chiefly for ferry purposes and in 

 taking passengers to and from the steamers in the harbour. 

 These are simple dugouts with two long and slightly curved boom 

 poles laid athwart the gunwales, with a bamboo float lashed to the 

 ends on each side (Fig. 41). They vary greatly in size, river ones 

 generally small, harbour ones usually hewn from very big tree 

 trunks and capable of carrying numerous passengers with a 

 considerable quantity of baggage. The hull is perfectly plain ; as 

 a rule a sail is not employed. 



